Rain Attenuation at Millimeter Wave and Low-THz Frequencies

Norouzian, Fatemeh; Marchetti, Emidio; Gashinova, Marina; Hoare, Edward; Constantinou, Costas; Gardner, P.; Cherniakov, M.

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2938735

Cited by 88 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…and it is calculated for the 99.99% link availability, , in mm/h, for the preferred region and time period, whereas and are the appropriate regression coefficients for the operation frequency and the used polarization as given in ITU-R model where denotes the elevation angle of the path and is the polarization tilt angle relative to the horizontal (it is 90°, 45°, and 0° for vertical, circular, and horizontal polarization, in that order). It is worth to mention that the specific attenuation or ERA practically depends on the raindrop diameters, falling speed of raindrops, and the number of dominant diameter drops [42]. In addition, the distance factor, , is computed according to the formula (11), in which the parameter 0 is the effective path length, in km.…”

Section: B Ppt System Link Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and Diffraction Modeling for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Fixed Systems

Shamsan

2020

IEEE Access

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Rain attenuation is the main practical problem that confronts wireless signals specifically when it uses millimeter-waves for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. In addition, due to that the urban environments are characterized by many high buildings act as diffraction objects can block the signal path and produce non-line of sight (NLOS) situations. These diffraction materials can cause further considerable losses that disturb the received power at the 5G receiver. This paper proposes a new model can investigate the influence of both precipitation and diffraction phenomena on wireless point to point (PPT) communication systems. This new research work utilizes measured rainfall data and actual scenarios in an urban environment to simulate the wireless PPT system and examine the influence of rainfall and knife-edge diffraction (KED) on the performance of the PPT system and signal strength at the receiver. Several durations of exceedances of rain rates and various operation scenarios have been employed to study and analyze the status of 5G wireless system links. The results indicated that there is an exchange of the effect of rain and KED diffraction in the lower millimeter-waves compared to the higher millimeter-waves. This study declares that at higher frequency bands the rain attenuation is observed to be greater, the diffraction loss is higher, and the path loss is also larger compared to the effect of these three factors seen at lower frequency bands. Furthermore, specific carrier frequencies, as in the case of 60 GHz, undergo extra huge atmospheric absorption loss which can diminish the communication coverage of the PPT system link.

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Section: B Ppt System Link Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and Diffraction Modeling for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Fixed Systems

Shamsan

2020

IEEE Access

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“…This makes the study of rain effects in the E-band crucial. A few studies have investigated the rain attenuation at the E-band, but mostly for short distances [5], [73]- [76]. In [5], the rainfall rate statistics and rain attenuation were investigated based on a one-year measurement data for a short 35 m link at 25.84 and 77.52 GHz in the UK.…”

Section: B E-bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [5], the rainfall rate statistics and rain attenuation were investigated based on a one-year measurement data for a short 35 m link at 25.84 and 77.52 GHz in the UK. The rain attenuation at different rainfall rates for short measurement periods was studied at 77 and 300 GHz over 160 m terrestrial radars link in Birmingham, UK [73]. In [74], the attenuation measurements under extreme rain conditions in a climate wind tunnel were conducted to benchmark the possibility of wireless data transmission at 77 GHz during adverse weather conditions.…”

Section: B E-bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Analysis of Rain at Millimeter Waves in Tropical Area

et al. 2020

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The high frequencies of millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands have been recognized for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communication networks. However, the radio propagation channel at high frequencies can be largely influenced by rain attenuation, especially in tropical regions with high rainfall intensity. In this paper, we present the results of rainfall intensity and rain attenuation in tropical regions based on one-year measurement campaign. The measurements were conducted from September 2018 until September 2019 at 21.8 GHz (K-band) and 73.5 GHz (E-band) in Malaysia. The rainfall intensity was collected using three rain gauges installed along a 1.8 km link. The rain attenuation is computed from the difference between the measured minimum received signal level (RSL) during clear sky and rain conditions. The measured rain rate and rain attenuation distributions are then analysed and benchmarked with several previous measurements and well-known prediction models such as the ITU-R P. 530-17. The rainfall rate results showed that the best agreement between the measured rainfall rate in Malaysia and the ITU-R PN.837-1 prediction value for Zone P is up to 0.01% of time (99.99% of time agrees well and only disagrees for 0.01% of time). For the E-band, the maximum measured rain attenuation exceeding 0.03% of the year is around 40.1 and 20 dB for 1.8 and 0.3 km links, respectively, at the maximum rain rate of 108 mm/h. For the K-band, the maximum rain attenuation exceeding 0.01% of the year is around 31 dB for the 1.8 km link. Finally, the rain rates exceeding 108 and 180 mm/h at 73.5 and 21.8 GHz, respectively, along the 1.8 km path caused an outage on our measurement setup. The rain rate of 193 mm/h and above caused an outage for the 0.3 km E-band link. The experimental data as well as the presented data analysis can be utilized for efficient planning and deployments of mm-wave wireless communication systems in tropical regions.

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“…This attenuation must be taken into account in the radar design. Atmospheric attenuation (a) through clear air with relative humidity (RH) of 50% and 100% [15], (b) through two rainfall rates, heavy and very heavy rain [16], (c) through fog of 100 m and 50 m visibility [15] (d) through dry and wet snow, versus two way signal path (up to 300 m) is plotted at the current mm-wave automotive radar frequency and Low-THz frequencies. Attenuation in clear air with maximum RH shows a loss of 3 dB over 300 m range at 300 GHz, this range corresponds to a long range automotive radar.…”

Section: Atmospheric Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For other atmospheric perturbations, the loss difference is within 3 dB between two frequency bands. More details about atmospheric losses in adverse weather condition may be found in the citied literature [16]- [18].…”

Section: Atmospheric Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation, Low-THz Automotive Radar - the potential for frequencies above 100 GHz

Norouzian

Hoare

Marchetti

et al. 2019

EasyChair Preprints

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Current automotive radars operate under 100 GHz. The natural progression to higher frequencies beyond 100 GHz offers significant benefits in the form of increased bandwidth and exploitation of phenomena associated with shorter wavelength. Higher operating frequencies offer the possibility of significant improvement in range resolution to cm level, improving target classification, reduction in sensor size, mass cost and easier packaging of multiple sensors per vehicle. A comprehensive research program is being undertaken at the Microwave Integrated Systems Laboratory (MISL) at the University of Birmingham to quantify the advantages and limitations of operating at frequencies beyond 100 GHz for automotive applications. This paper summarizes the findings of these studies.

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Rain Attenuation at Millimeter Wave and Low-THz Frequencies

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

Rainfall and Diffraction Modeling for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Fixed Systems

Rainfall and Diffraction Modeling for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Fixed Systems

Statistical Analysis of Rain at Millimeter Waves in Tropical Area

Next Generation, Low-THz Automotive Radar - the potential for frequencies above 100 GHz

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