Radish as a Model System for the Study of Engineered Gene Escape Rates Via Crop‐Weed Mating

Klinger, Terrie; Elam, Diane R.; Ellstrand, Norman C.

doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00360.x

Cited by 99 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A major concern is the potential changes in the ecology of crop-related wild species, due to the introgression of transgenes into wild populations living in agricultural areas (Ellstrand, 2003;Wolfenbarger and Phifer, 2000). The introgression in a wild relative of a herbicide resistance gene could lead to increased invasiveness and/or weediness of introgressants (Snow and Palma, 1997), with a potentially negative impact for the cropping system (Klinger et al, 1991). Risks of gene swamping or pollution of natural gene pools, leading to the extinction of wild taxa have also been stressed (Ellstrand, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization rates between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and its wild relative (L. serriola) under field conditions

D’Andrea

Felber

Guadagnuolo

2008

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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. Progeny was screened morphologically for detecting natural hybrids. Prior to the experiment, specific RAPD markers were used to confirm that morphological characters were reliable for hybrid identification. Hybridization occurred up to the maximal distance tested (40 m), and hybridization rates varied between 0 to 26%, decreasing with distance. More than 80% of the wild plants produced at least one hybrid (incidence of hybridization, IH) at 0 m and 1 m. It equaled 4 to 5% at 40 m. In sympatric crop-wild populations, cross-pollination between cultivated lettuce and its wild relative has to be seen as the rule rather than the exception for short distances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization rates between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and its wild relative (L. serriola) under field conditions

D’Andrea

Felber

Guadagnuolo

2008

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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“…Twelve of the world's 13 most important crops are known to hybridize with wild relatives somewhere in their agricultural ranges , and many other cases of crop-wild hybridization are known (e.g. Klinger et al 1991;Love 1994;Luby & McNichol 1995). In most cases, hybrids are fertile to some extent (Hancock et al 1996;Ellstrand et al 1999), and in many cases, they are nearly as fertile as their wild parents or even more so (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of recurrent gene flow from crops to wild relatives

Haygood

Ives

Andow

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

141

122

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Concern about gene flow from crops to wild relatives has become widespread with the increasing cultivation of transgenic crops. Possible consequences of such gene flow include genetic assimilation, wherein crop genes replace wild ones, and demographic swamping, wherein hybrids are less fertile than their wild parents, and wild populations shrink. Using mathematical models of a wild population recurrently receiving pollen from a genetically fixed crop, we find that the conditions for genetic assimilation are not stringent, and progress towards replacement can be fast, even for disfavoured crop genes. Demographic swamping and genetic drift relax the conditions for genetic assimilation and speed progress towards replacement. Genetic assimilation can involve thresholds and hysteresis, such that a small increase in immigration can lead to fixation of a disfavoured crop gene that had been maintained at a moderate frequency, even if the increase in immigration is cancelled before the gene fixes. Demographic swamping can give rise to 'migrational meltdown', such that a small increase in immigration can lead to not only fixation of a disfavoured crop gene but also drastic shrinkage of the wild population. These findings suggest that the spread of crop genes in wild populations should be monitored more closely.

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“…Raphanus raphanistrum is a well-established model system in studies of plant evolution and ecology that has been used to evaluate the ecological consequences of crop-to-wild gene flow (Klinger et al ., 1991;Snow et al ., 2001;Hegde et al ., 2006). We estimated the competitive ability of two 'biotypes', wild R .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop–wild radish hybrids (Raphanusspp.)

2006

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Summary• The evolutionary impact of crop-to-wild gene flow depends on the fitness of hybrids under natural, competitive conditions. Here, we measured the performance of third-generation (F 3 ) radish hybrids ( Raphanus raphanistrum × Raphanus sativus ) and weedy R. raphanistrum to understand how competitive interactions affect life history and relative fecundity.• Three wild and three F 1 crop-wild hybrid radish populations were established in semi-natural, agricultural conditions in Michigan, USA. The effects of competition on life-history traits and fecundity of F 3 progeny were measured 2 yr later in a common garden experiment.• Third-generation hybrid plants generally produced fewer seeds per fruit and set fewer fruits per flower than wild plants, resulting in lower lifetime fecundity. With increasing competition, age at reproduction was delayed, the relative number of seeds per fruit was reduced in wild plants and differences between hybrid and wild fecundity diminished.• Competition may enhance the fecundity of advanced-generation hybrids relative to wild plants by reducing differences in life history, potentially promoting the introgression of crop alleles into weed populations.

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Radish as a Model System for the Study of Engineered Gene Escape Rates Via Crop‐Weed Mating

Cited by 99 publications

References 15 publications

Hybridization rates between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and its wild relative (L. serriola) under field conditions

Hybridization rates between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and its wild relative (L. serriola) under field conditions

Consequences of recurrent gene flow from crops to wild relatives

Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop–wild radish hybrids (Raphanusspp.)

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