Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop–wild radish hybrids (<i>Raphanus</i>spp.)

Campbell, Lesley G.; Snow, Allison A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01941.x

Cited by 65 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…= 4 P = 0.006, r 2 = 0.55. These data show several of the common patterns in R – V (or, as here, fecundity–size) relationships: (i) a classical allometric relationship with slope <1 (here 0.85), (ii) a cloud of points below the line, representing plants that have not completed reproduction (in this case hybrids that have obtained genes that delay maturation from the crop), (iii) weak or no evidence of plasticity in the allometric relationship, but (iv) clear effects of treatments on size and the rate of development, and therefore reproductive output (after Campbell & Snow 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The allometry of reproduction within plant populations

et al. 2009

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Summary1. The quantitative relationship between size and reproductive output is a central aspect of a plant's strategy: the conversion of growth into fitness. As plant allocation is allometric in the broad sense, i.e. it changes with size, we take an allometric perspective and review existing data on the relationship between individual vegetative (V, x-axis) and reproductive (R, y-axis) biomass within plant populations, rather than analysing biomass ratios such as reproductive effort (R ⁄ (R+V)). 2. The allometric relationship between R and V among individuals within a population is most informative when cumulative at senescence (total R-V relationship), as this represents the potential reproductive output of individuals given their biomass. Earlier measurements may be misleading if plants are at different developmental stages and therefore have not achieved the full reproductive output their size permits. Much of the data that have been considered evidence for plasticity in reproductive allometry are actually evidence for plasticity in the rate of growth and development. 3. Although a positive x-intercept implies a minimum size for reproducing, a plant can have a threshold size for reproducing without having a positive x-intercept. 4. Most of the available data are for annual and monocarpic species whereas allometric data on long-lived iteroparous plants are scarce. We find three common total R-V patterns: short-lived, herbaceous plants and clonal plants usually show a simple, linear relationship, either (i) passing through the origin or (ii) with a positive x-intercept, whereas larger and longer-lived plants often exhibit (iii) classical log-log allometric relationships with slope <1. While the determinants of plant size are numerous and interact with one another, the potential reproductive output of an individual is primarily determined by its size and allometric programme, although this potential is not always achieved. 5. Synthesis. The total R-V relationship for a genotype appears to be a relatively fixed-boundary condition. Below this boundary, a plant can increase its reproductive output by: (i) moving towards the boundary: allocating more of its resources to reproduction, or (ii) growing more to increase its potential reproductive output. At the boundary, the plant cannot increase its reproductive output without growing more first. Analysing size-dependent reproduction is the first step in understanding plant reproductive allocation, but more integrative models must include time and environmental cues, i.e. development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The allometry of reproduction within plant populations

et al. 2009

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“…It has been considered that this could even lead to ecologically diverging phenotypes that could invade new ecological areas, such as the sunflower hybrid species Helianthus paradoxus (Lexer et al 2003a, b) and crop–wild hybrid radish ( Raphanus spp.) (Campbell et al 2006; Campbell and Snow 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple studies have focused on the rate of hybridization between crops and wild relatives (Arias and Rieseberg 1994; Hoc et al 2006; D’Andrea et al 2008; Giannino et al 2008; Kiær et al 2009), and on the occurrence of hybrids and their fitness in relation to the fitness of the wild parent (Snow et al 2003; Hooftman et al 2005, 2009; Campbell and Snow 2007). However, few studies have been conducted with the aim of understanding the specific contribution of the crop and wild parents to the fitness of the hybrids, the role of the genomic locations of the genes (as for instance assessed through quantitative trait loci (QTL), Baack et al 2008), and the role of epistasis and genotype by environment interaction on the fitness or vigour of the hybrids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization between crops and wild relatives: the contribution of cultivated lettuce to the vigour of crop–wild hybrids under drought, salinity and nutrient deficiency conditions

Uwimana¹,

Smulders²,

Hooftman

et al. 2012

Theor Appl Genet

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With the development of transgenic crop varieties, crop–wild hybridization has received considerable consideration with regard to the potential of transgenes to be transferred to wild species. Although many studies have shown that crops can hybridize with their wild relatives and that the resulting hybrids may show improved fitness over the wild parents, little is still known on the genetic contribution of the crop parent to the performance of the hybrids. In this study, we investigated the vigour of lettuce hybrids using 98 F2:3 families from a cross between cultivated lettuce and its wild relative Lactuca serriola under non-stress conditions and under drought, salinity and nutrient deficiency. Using single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we mapped quantitative trait loci associated with plant vigour in the F2:3 families and determined the allelic contribution of the two parents. Seventeen QTLs (quantitative trait loci) associated with vigour and six QTLs associated with the accumulation of ions (Na+, Cl− and K+) were mapped on the nine linkage groups of lettuce. Seven of the vigour QTLs had a positive effect from the crop allele and six had a positive effect from the wild allele across treatments, and four QTLs had a positive effect from the crop allele in one treatment and from the wild allele in another treatment. Based on the allelic effect of the QTLs and their location on the genetic map, we could suggest genomic locations where transgene integration should be avoided when aiming at the mitigation of its persistence once crop–wild hybridization takes place.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1897-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The (Campbell and Snow 2007). Given that California wild radish is uniquely different from either of its progenitor parents by a complex suite of traits (Hegde et al 2006) and that selection for trait values can vary significantly over space and time, it is perhaps not surprising that the reproductive success of California wild radish is not caused by a single trait or condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of enhanced reproduction in the hybrid-derived invasive, California wild radish (Raphanus sativus)

Ridley

Ellstrand

2008

Biol Invasions

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Evolution is receiving increased attention as a potentially important factor in invasions. For example, hybridization may have stimulated the evolution of invasiveness in several well-known plant pests. However, the mechanism for success of such hybrid-derived lineages remains unknown in the majority of the cases studied. Here we ask whether increased reproductive success (in terms of maternal fitness) has evolved in an invasive lineage with confirmed hybrid ancestry. We compare the relative fitness of the non-native, hybrid-derived California wild radish (Raphanus sativus) to that of its two progenitor species in field experiments at different sites and in different years. We found that California wild radish has high survivorship and produces more fruits per plant and more seeds per plant than either of its progenitors in several environments. Furthermore, populations of California wild radish display a strong genotype-by-environment interaction, indicating that maintenance of genetic and phenotypic diversity between populations may be responsible for the weed's ability to invade a wide breadth of California habitats. Our results suggest that hybridization may contribute the evolution of enhanced invasiveness and, also, that by limiting the introduction and subsequent hybridization of congeners, we may be able to prevent the evolution of new invasive lineages.

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Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop–wild radish hybrids (Raphanusspp.)

Cited by 65 publications

References 69 publications

The allometry of reproduction within plant populations

The allometry of reproduction within plant populations

Hybridization between crops and wild relatives: the contribution of cultivated lettuce to the vigour of crop–wild hybrids under drought, salinity and nutrient deficiency conditions

Evolution of enhanced reproduction in the hybrid-derived invasive, California wild radish (Raphanus sativus)

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