Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Fetlock, Pastern and Coffin Joints of the Manus of the Donkey (Equus asinus)

Amin, Mohamed; El‐Bakary, Raafat; Alsafy, Mohamed; Fathi, Naglaa

doi:10.5455/ajvs.156620

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Use of CECT has been explored in normal [75,77,[79][80][81][82][83][84] and diseased [39, 77,85,86] synovial structures in the horse, although in vivo CTA studies are currently exclusive to the stifle [39, 85,87]. Despite thick articular cartilage, the firm apposition between cartilage and the meniscus required during CTA positioning complicated identification of mild cartilage defects [39].…”

Section: Morphological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in articular cartilage evaluation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Nelson

Kawcak

Barrett

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Articular cartilage is a critical joint tissue and its evaluation remains a diagnostic challenge in horses. Coupled with a poor capacity for healing, early degenerative changes in articular cartilage are difficult to characterise using routine diagnostic imaging evaluations. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide volumetric joint assessment and highlight morphological and quantitative properties of articular cartilage, improving assessment of this essential tissue. While the use of CT and MRI for joint evaluation is not new, there still remains a shortage of literature and scientific studies on the ability of these methods to evaluate articular cartilage in the horse. This review article summarises current CT and MRI techniques capable of characterising equine articular cartilage, highlights recent advances in these techniques and discusses the numerous methods studied in human subjects that have been minimally investigated in horses. Imaging techniques are presented in terms of their capabilities of offering morphological and quantitative evaluation along with a discussion of their benefits and limitations. Finally, it summarises the current state-of-the-art approaches and identifies unmet clinical imaging needs to propel the advancement of articular cartilage and joint imaging in the horse.

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Section: Morphological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in articular cartilage evaluation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Nelson

Kawcak

Barrett

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…In third world countries, these animals are important for farming and transportation, but they were given less medical care and attention than other domestic animals (Salavati et al 2017). In Egypt, the donkeys are essential farming animals due to their great tolerance (Amin et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Eye and the Optic Nerve in the Egyptian Donkey (Equus asinus)

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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The eye is a high sense organ which is susceptible to many infectious and traumatic diseases. Using an accurate diagnostic imaging technique became essential for early detection and control of these diseases. The current investigation is proposed to fully describe the normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the eye, extraocular structures and the optic nerve in the donkey with the aid of the anatomical sections. Eight fresh cadaveric heads of adult donkeys of both sexes were used; two were scanned using an MRI scanner of 1.5 Tesla magnet, and six were frozen to be sectioned into transverse (n=3) and frontal (n=3) sections. The accessed MR images were serially selected in matching to their corresponding gross sections. These MR images provided a comprehensive assessment of the eyeball structures (choroid, ciliary body, iris, cornea, sclera, anterior and posterior chambers, and vitreous body), the ocular adnexa (upper, lower and third eyelids, lacrimal gland, tarsal gland, superficial gland of the third eyelid, extraocular muscles and orbital fat), the various parts of the optic nerve (intraocular, intraorbital, intracanalicular, intracranial) and its surrounding meningeal sheath complex. However, it was difficult to outline the retina. The current investigation administrated a precise anatomical atlas of the eye, periorbital structures and optic nerve in the donkey assisting in the interpretation and diagnosis of both ocular diseases and optic neuropathy.

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“…Therefore, Knowledge of the normal descriptive, topographical and cross‐sectional characteristics of anatomical structures in CT scan and MRI is necessary for successful diagnostic image interpretation. These techniques have been used previously for evaluating the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint in the donkey (Amin et al, 2014; El‐Gendy et al, 2020), horse (Hontoir et al, 2014), buffalo (Abdel Maksoud, 2021) and camel (Alsafy et al, 2018). In ovine, Hirtler and Kofler (2014) used of sonography for comparing the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint in sheep and goat and Duncan et al (2013) described the normal radiographic anatomy of this joint in sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross anatomy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and bone mineral densitometry of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint

Ghaderi

Goodarzi

2022

Anat Histol Embryol

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This study was aimed to provide anatomical atlas of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints using computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) and morphometric features of this joint. The limbs of twenty adult Sanjabi sheep were examined. Imaging was performed using a 16‐slice multi‐detector CT scanner and a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. The obtained images were correlated with corresponding anatomical sections. BMD was measured by Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) method. Also morphometric features included distance between metacarpal and metatarsal heads, width of metacarpal and metatarsal head, length, width and the height of the proximal sesamoid bones were measured. In MRI images, compact bones, ligaments and tendons showed less signal intensity (hypointense). The fatty tissue and bone marrow had more signal intensity (hyperintense), but articular cartilage and synovial fluid showed moderate signal intensity. BMD in the left hind limb was significantly higher than other three limbs (p ≤ 0.05). The length of proximal sesamoid bones in left forelimb was higher than right forelimb (p ≤ 0.05). The thickness of proximal sesamoid bones in left limbs was higher than those in their counterparts (p ≤ 0.05). The width of the medial head in the forelimbs was significantly greater than the hind limbs (p ≤ 0.05). The present results might be useful in managing the clinical techniques on this joint. Larger volume of the proximal sesamoid bones and wider medial head in the forelimbs compared to the hindlimbs impel this speculation that the centre of gravity is closer to the forelimbs.

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Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Fetlock, Pastern and Coffin Joints of the Manus of the Donkey (Equus asinus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Recent advances in articular cartilage evaluation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Recent advances in articular cartilage evaluation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Eye and the Optic Nerve in the Egyptian Donkey (Equus asinus)

Gross anatomy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and bone mineral densitometry of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint

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