Radically new cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels: Temperature and pH responsive characters

Recent advances in the synthesis of smart hydrogels

“…Numerous approaches can be adopted to synthesize pH-responsive hydrogels such as free radical polymerized chemical crosslinking 188 , free radical polymerized physical crosslinking 193 , grafted polymerization 194 , injection emulsion polymerization 9 , radiation polymerization and crosslinking techniques 195 , template polymerization 196 , covalent linkages 197,198 , and click reactions 199 , etc. The major application of such hydrogels is their capability to administrate drugs (especially protein and peptide-based drugs) orally while protecting them through the gastrointestinal tract 193 .…”

“…A combined process of graft polymerization and free radical polymerized chemical crosslinking was applied to synthesize dual responsive hydrogels (i.e. pH and temperature) by grafting cellulose nanowhiskers onto AAm (CNWs/AAm), afterward, CNWs/AAm was polymerized with NIPAAm in presence of MBAAm crosslinkers to get the final hydrogels 194 . Hydrogels based on physical interactions of AAc and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) copolymers developed via free radical polymerization were also studied by Suhag et al 193 .…”

“…Hydrogels based on physical interactions of AAc and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) copolymers developed via free radical polymerization were also studied by Suhag et al 193 . Major approaches to synthesize pH-responsive hydrogels, (based on 188,9,[193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200] ).…”

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels and its nanocomposites

“…The particle additive nanocomposite hydrogel is a new material type, which has the advantages of the chemically crosslinked hydrogels, especially their mechanical shortcoming and structural heterogeneity. 10,[34][35][36][37][38] A group of researchers recently have presented some results about the remarkable physical and chemical properties of GO in mixing with the polymer. GO has a broad absorbance band range in the visible and near-infrared region and photothermal conversion capability.…”

Formulation of re-dispersible dry o/w emulsions using cellulose nanocrystals decorated with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles

“…The substantial stability of the colloidal suspension of CNC is due to the presence of negatively charged sulfate ester groups on the CNC surface, preventing aggregation by electrostatic repulsion. [17][18][19][20][21][22] It has been demonstrated in previous works that the low surface charge density of CNC (#0.03 e nm À2 ) is critical to stabilizing o/w emulsion effectively, or this can introduce ionic strength to reduce repulsion. 23 CNC adsorbs at the interface forming highly stable droplets by the formation of a dense 2D network architecture.…”