Understanding the surrounding atmosphere and reacting accordingly with the precise decision are always fascinating features of a material. Materials that pose such responsiveness are called smart materials. Nowadays, research studies...

3D printing (3DP) is one of the modern approaches in the field of manufacturing. Although this process has been known for a fair amount of time, only the recent developments have revealed its novel and true potential for applications in different manufacturing sectors. Textile, one of the basic human requirements, does more than just fulfilling the fundamental necessity of covering our body. Integrating 3DP technology in textiles has broadened the horizon of the textile world.This review explores the historical background as well as state-of-the-art developments in 3DP related to textiles and fashion. Basic ideas about fundamental textile substrates, various 3DP technologies related to textiles, different printing devices and tools, materials used as print inks, direct printing of 3D objects on various textile substrates, fabrication techniques of 3D printed textile structures, different process parameters and their impacts, tests and standards, benefits and limitations are the contents of the discussions throughout this paper. It also highlights the future aspects concerning the further implementation of 3DP technology in the textile industry.Overall, the paper draws a picture with an intention to ascertain the undeniable promise of 3DP, despite having some drawbacks, to enrich the future of the textile and fashion industry with an aim to motivate future designers and scientists towards further exploration within this field of knowledge.

At present, peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are one of the leading causes of substantial impairment around the globe. Complete recovery of nerve function after an injury is challenging. Currently, autologous nerve grafts are being used as a treatment; however, this has several downsides, for example, donor site morbidity, shortage of donor sites, loss of sensation, inflammation, and neuroma development. The most promising alternative is the development of a nerve guide conduit (NGC) to direct the restoration and renewal of neuronal axons from the proximal to the distal end to facilitate nerve regeneration and maximize sensory and functional recovery. Alternatively, the response of nerve cells to electrical stimulation (ES) has a substantial regenerative effect. The incorporation of electrically conductive biomaterials in the fabrication of smart NGCs facilitates the function of ES throughout the active proliferation state. This article overviews the potency of the various categories of electroactive smart biomaterials, including conductive and piezoelectric nanomaterials, piezoelectric polymers, and organic conductive polymers that researchers have employed latterly to fabricate smart NGCs and their potentiality in future clinical application. It also summarizes a comprehensive analysis of the recent research and advancements in the application of ES in the field of NGC.

The advances in polymer chemistry research have revolutionized the field of smart materials and biomedical. Polyurethanes (PUs) are a versatile polymer class with diverse structure, morphology, and behavior under various conditions deemed suitable for many functional and intelligent responses. Owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, excellent mechanical strength, tailorable chemical, and physical forms, PU has drawn significant research attention in recent times for a wide range of applications. Herein, this review paper outlines PU's recent advances in specific applications encompassing functional textiles, intelligent functionality and medical usage. This article contains a comprehensive review of recent developments and research works concerning PU's direct involvement as coatings, 3D objects, or composite parts to add novel purpose to the textile substrates, smart objects, or medical applications.Commencing with PU's application for the waterproof breathable textiles, the review further explores recent research where PU was incorporated as a phase change material and protective clothing. This review further delves innovative functionalities and responsiveness of the polymer triggered by various stimuli.It ends with an inclusive review of PU's different forms of application concerning medical devices and activities. Finally, perspectives on future challenges and new research opportunities are also presented and discussed.