Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated‐k model for the longwave

Mlawer, E. J.; Taubman, Steven J.; Brown, P.; Iacono, Michael J.; Clough, S. A.

doi:10.1029/97jd00237

Cited by 7,040 publications

(4,116 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The top pressure level of the experimental domain is set at 50 hPa with 40 vertical levels extending to the ground surface. The WRF Model physics options used in this study include schemes of the WRF single-moment 3-class microphysics (Hong et al 2004), the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for longwave radiation (Mlawer et al 1997), the Dudhia shortwave radiation (Dudhia 1989), the MM5 similarity surface layer, the Noah land surface model (Chen and Dudhia 2001), the Yonsei University (YSU) planetary boundary layer (Hong et al 2006), and the Kain-Fritsch cumulus parameterization (Kain and Fritsch 1990). 1800 UTC 10 June to 1800 UTC 15 June 2009.…”

Section: Model Configurations and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

Lin

Ebtehaj

Bras

et al. 2015

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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The objective of this study is to develop a framework for dynamically downscaling spaceborne precipitation products using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var). Numerical experiments have been conducted to 1) understand the sensitivity of precipitation downscaling through point-scale precipitation data assimilation and 2) investigate the impact of seasonality and associated changes in precipitation-generating mechanisms on the quality of spatiotemporal downscaling of precipitation. The point-scale experiment suggests that assimilating precipitation can significantly affect the precipitation analysis, forecast, and downscaling. Because of occasional overestimation or underestimation of small-scale summertime precipitation extremes, the numerical experiments presented here demonstrate that the wintertime assimilation produces downscaled precipitation estimates that are in closer agreement with the reference National Centers for Environmental Prediction stage IV dataset than similar summertime experiments. This study concludes that the WRF 4D-Var system is able to effectively downscale a 6-h precipitation product with a spatial resolution of 20 km to hourly precipitation with a spatial resolution of less than 10 km in grid spacingrelevant to finescale hydrologic applications for the era of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission.

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Section: Model Configurations and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

Lin

Ebtehaj

Bras

et al. 2015

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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“…1a. The outermost domain (d1) with a horizontal grid resolution of 80 km extends from 16 to 4 • N and from 10 • W to 50 • E in order to include a large part of Europe and the Black Sea region, which have a significant contribution to the pollution of air masses that reach the EMME region, as well as a large (Mlawer et al, 1997) part of the Sahara and Middle Eastern deserts in order to utilize the dust emission schemes included in the WRF-Chem model. The second domain (d2) with a horizontal grid resolution of 16 km is located over the Levantine Basin, including all the surrounding major urban centres.…”

Section: Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality modelling in the summer over the eastern Mediterranean using WRF-Chem: chemistry and aerosol mechanism intercomparison

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We employ the WRF-Chem model to study summertime air pollution, the intense photochemical activity and their impact on air quality over the eastern Mediterranean. We utilize three nested domains with horizontal resolutions of 80, 16 and 4 km, with the finest grid focusing on the island of Cyprus, where the CYPHEX campaign took place in July 2014. Anthropogenic emissions are based on the EDGAR HTAP global emission inventory, while dust and biogenic emissions are calculated online. Three simulations utilizing the CBMZ-MOSAIC, MOZART-MOSAIC, and RADM2-MADE/SORGAM gas-phase and aerosol mechanisms are performed. The results are compared with measurements from a dense observational network of 14 ground stations in Cyprus. The model simulates T 2 m , P surf , and WD 10 m accurately, with minor differences in WS 10 m between model and observations at coastal and mountainous stations attributed to limitations in the representation of the complex topography in the model. It is shown that the south-eastern part of Cyprus is mostly affected by emissions from within the island, under the dominant (60 %) westerly flow during summertime. Clean maritime air from the Mediterranean can reduce concentrations of local air pollutants over the region during westerlies. Ozone concentrations are overestimated by all three mechanisms (9 % ≤ NMB ≤ 23 %) with the smaller mean bias (4.25 ppbV) obtained by the RADM2-MADE/SORGAM mechanism. Differences in ozone concentrations can be attributed to the VOC treatment by the three mechanisms. The diurnal variability of pollution and ozone precursors is not captured (hourly correlation coefficients for O 3 ≤ 0.29). This might be attributed to the underestimation of NO x concentrations by local emissions by up to 50 %. For the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), the lowest mean bias (9 µg m −3 ) is obtained with the RADM2-MADE/SORGAM mechanism, with overestimates in sulfate and ammonium aerosols. Overestimation of sulfate aerosols by this mechanism may be linked to the SO 2 oxidation in clouds. The MOSAIC aerosol mechanism overestimates PM 2.5 concentrations by up to 22 µg m −3 due to a more pronounced dust component compared to the other two mechanisms, mostly influenced by the dust inflow from the global model. We conclude that all three mechanisms are very sensitive to boundary conditions from the global model for both gas-phase and aerosol pollutants, in particular dust and ozone.

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“…For this part of the spectrum, cloud optical properties are calculated on the basis of Mie calculations using idealized size distributions for both cloud droplets and ice crystals [Rockel et al, 1991]. The longwave radiative transfer scheme follows Mlawer et al [1997] and Morcrette et al [1998] and considers 16 spectral bands from 10 cm À1 to 3000 cm À1 . The cloud optical properties in the longwave spectrum are parameterized as a function of the effective radius [Roeckner et al, 2003;Ebert and Curry, 1992].…”

Section: Echam5 General Circulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol‐chemistry‐climate ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE‐P experiment

et al. 2008

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[1] In this paper, we introduce the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ aerosol-chemistry-climate model that includes fully interactive simulations of Ox-NOx-hydrocarbons chemistry and of aerosol microphysics (including prognostic size distribution and mixing state of aerosols) implemented in the General Circulation Model ECHAM5. The photolysis rates used in the gas chemistry account for aerosol and cloud distributions and a comprehensive set of heterogeneous reactions is implemented. The model is evaluated with trace gas and aerosol observations provided by the TRACE-P aircraft experiment. Sulfate concentrations are well captured but black carbon concentrations are underestimated. The number concentrations, surface areas, and optical properties are reproduced fairly well near the surface but underestimated in the upper troposphere. CO concentrations are well reproduced in general while O 3 concentrations are overestimated by 10-20 ppbv. We find that heterogeneous chemistry significantly influences the regional and global distributions of a number of key trace gases. Heterogeneous reactions reduce the ozone surface concentrations by 18-23% over the TRACE-P region and the global annual mean O 3 burden by 7%. The annual global mean OH concentration decreases by 10% inducing a 7% increase in the global CO burden. Annual global mean HNO 3 surface concentration decreases by 15% because of heterogenous reaction on mineral dust. A comparison of our results to those from previous studies suggests that the choice of uptake coefficients for a given species is the critical parameter that determines the global impact of heterogeneous chemistry on a trace gas (rather than the description of aerosol properties and distributions). A prognostic description of the size distribution and mixing state of the aerosols is important, however, to account for the effect of heterogeneous chemistry on aerosols as further discussed in the second part of this two-part series.Citation: Pozzoli, L., I. Bey, S. Rast, M. G. Schultz, P. Stier, and J. Feichter (2008), Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol-chemistry-climate ECHAM5-HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE-P experiment,

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Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated‐k model for the longwave

Cited by 7,040 publications

References 27 publications

Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

Air quality modelling in the summer over the eastern Mediterranean using WRF-Chem: chemistry and aerosol mechanism intercomparison

Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol‐chemistry‐climate ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE‐P experiment

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