Abstract:Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is toxic in high concentration. The capacity of Aspergillus niger, microwave and ultraviolet radiations to reduce the BITC levels in Carica papaya Linn seed oil were assessed in vitro. BITC at different concentrations were periodically exposed to microwave and ultraviolet radiations for 30 min and 10 h, respectively; and to identify Aspergillus niger for 4 days. Microwave radiation significantly reduced (p<0.05) BITC levels (0.0272, 0.0544, and 0.0816 μmol) to 12.19, 8.99 and 27.5 … Show more
“…A recent study reported reduction of BITC levels in raw papaya seed oil by treatment with Aspergillus niger , microwave, or ultraviolet radiations. 35 While these treatments were reported to lower the BITC they may also affect the quality of the oil with fungal spores or metabolites, or may be prohibitive in large scale, requiring high energy or capital cost.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is no need to rely on costly means (such as thermal deactivation) to deactivate the myrosinase enzyme in the seeds prior to milling and oil extraction, or to detoxify the seed oil by chemical, physical, or biological methods, as reported in other studies. 35 …”
“…A recent study reported reduction of BITC levels in raw papaya seed oil by treatment with Aspergillus niger , microwave, or ultraviolet radiations. 35 While these treatments were reported to lower the BITC they may also affect the quality of the oil with fungal spores or metabolites, or may be prohibitive in large scale, requiring high energy or capital cost.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is no need to rely on costly means (such as thermal deactivation) to deactivate the myrosinase enzyme in the seeds prior to milling and oil extraction, or to detoxify the seed oil by chemical, physical, or biological methods, as reported in other studies. 35 …”
“…Similar increase in weight due to the 30 days intraperitoneal administration of methanolic extract from A. pavonina was previously reported ( 31 ). The favorable growth may be due to reduction or detoxification of potential toxic compound(s) in the seeds by the combined microwaving and the 48 h soaking induced fermentation process during the production of the pro-milk extracts ( 1 , 69 , 70 ). It is further suggested that LD50 and the histopathological studies be carried out on the pro-milk extract for A. pavonina seed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Strategies, such as transforming the current underutilized and/or poisonous plant resource to their edible forms and biotransforming the present waste to nutrients or sources of nutrients, are required to meet the nutritional needs of the increasing global population ( 1 ). Plants had largely been useful for ages as a source of nourishing substances.…”
A new plant milk was discovered from the seed of Adenanthera pavonina. The physicochemical and nutritional properties of the new pro-milk extract were assessed, and their biochemical effects were compared with those of soy bean extracts. Eleven groups of three albino rats each were used to assess the health benefits of the pro-milk. Groups were separately administered 3.1, 6.1, and 9.2 µl/g animal wt. pro-milk extract from A. pavonina seed, 6.1 µl/g animal wt. milk extract from soybean, and 6.1 µl/g animal wt. normal saline for 7 or 14 days. The “baseline” group consisted of those sacrificed on day 0. Among the physical properties considered, the pro-milk from A. pavonina had significantly higher (P < 0.05) hue color value and significantly lower (P < 0.05) L* than that from soy bean did. The pro-milk from A. pavonina had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) level of protein (36.14 ± 0.12%), Ca (440.99 ± 0.93 mg/l), Mg (96.69 ± 0.03 mg/l), K (190.41 ± 0.11 mg/l), Na (64.24 ± 0.24 mg/l), and Cu (0.55 ± 0.24 mg/l), and a significantly lower (P < 0.05) level of Mn (0.04 ± 0.01 mg/l) and vitamins A (undetectable), C (1.87 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), and E (0.12 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) compared to those of soy milk. The daily consumption of the pro-milk extract from A. pavonina for 14 days significantly reduced (P < 0.05) Ca2+-adenosine triphosphate synthase (Ca2+-ATPase) at low dose (3.1 µl/g animal wt.), but significantly increased (P < 0.05) Mg2+-ATPase at high dose (9.2 µl/g animal wt.). Daily administration of the A. pavonina extract for 14 days caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in acetylcholinesterase activity in the liver, intestine, heart, and kidney, suggesting that the pro-milk may facilitate ions transportation across the membrane. The pro-milk offers promising beneficial effects for patients with neurological diseases, as well as supporting general health owing to the high protein and mineral content. Vitamins fortification is recommended during production.
“…Many surfaces, including oilseeds become infested; therefore, it is a requirement for effective disinfestations (Christofi et al, 2008). In this line, Afolabi et al, (2015) stated that microwave radiation could detoxify seed oil and improve its dietary and industrial use. Organisms under microwave's irradiation are prone to some types of stress such as controlled atmosphere and cold ambient (Wang and Tang, 2001).…”
The effect of microwave's radiation on seed viability of three different oilseed crops, spores of Aspergillus niger and quality of extracted oil from treated seeds over various exposure times was evaluated. The seeds were exposed to 2450 MHz. at five different power levels of 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 W for two exposure times of three and five minutes. At a given time, a direct negative relationship between seed viability and microwave's radiation power level was detected. Substantial variation in the lethality of tested seeds to microwave's power levels was apparent in the fiducial limits of the estimated LD 50 values in probit analysis approach. A similar trend of A. niger spores' susceptibility to microwave radiation was detected. The microwaves' radiation and exposure time did not impact one another and a significant interaction was not detected. Short term fungal infection did not cause substantial quantitative and qualitative damage to the oilseeds. The oil quality was generally unaffected by microwave radiation and fungal infestation for tested oilseeds. Moreover, microwave radiation decreased seed germination percentage and vigor index. The microwave radiation could provide an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique for improving the dietary consumption of the oil in any seed disinfestation program.
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