Radiation-induced changes in respiration of corn, wheat, sorghum and radish seeds during initial stages of germination in relation to subsequent seedling growth

Woodstock, Lowell W.; Justice, Oren L.

doi:10.1016/s0033-7560(67)80007-3

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This could explain the increase in leaf color observed in carrot. Woodstock and Justice (1967) reported an increase in rate of respiration of corn plants at low doses of gamma irradiation. An increase in M 1 carrot and root weight in the seed experiment at 1-krad dose was observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Irradiation-induced Variation in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

Al-Safadi¹,

Šimon²

1996

jashs

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Carrot tissue cultures, germinating seed, and dry seed were exposed to gamma radiation. Irradiation accelerated germination of carrot seed in the M1 generation at low doses (0.5 and 1 krad), whereas higher doses delayed germination. A high negative correlation was observed between dose and survival of plants after seed irradiation. Plant size and root weight were 20 % to 35% greater than control plants after seeds, but not tissue cultures, were exposed to low doses of gamma irradiation. Higher doses reduced M1 plant size by >50% in germinating seed and tissue culture treatments but less for the dry seed treatment. Seed production decreased while phenotypic variation of M1 plants increased with increasing gamma ray dosage. Root weight and total dissolved solids were highly variable in M2 families. Less variation was observed in total carotene content and none was seen in sugar type (reducing vs. nonreducing sugars). Induced variation in root color and root shape was also observed. Irradiation of germinating seed and tissue cultures yielded more M2 variation than irradiation of dry seed. Putative point mutations were not observed. Unirradiated carrot tissue cultures did not yield significant M2 somaclonal variation. Average root weight of M2 plants increased with increasing gamma ray dosage, especially for the dry seed treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Irradiation-induced Variation in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

Al-Safadi¹,

Šimon²

1996

jashs

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“…The effects include changes in the plant cellular structure and metabolism e.g., dilation of thylakoid membranes, alteration in photosynthesis, modulation of anti-oxidative system and accumulation of phenolic compounds (Kovacs and Keresztes, 2002;Kim et al, 2004;and Ashraf, 2009). Further, several workers have also reported the stimulatory effect of these gamma irradiation on plant growth at low dosage (Woodstock and Justice, 1967). While, irradiation of seeds at higher doses disturbs the synthesis of protein (Xiuzher, 1994), hormone balance (Rabie et al, 1996), leaf gas exchange , water exchange and enzyme activity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gamma Irradiation and Seed Treatment Chemicals on Seed Longevity of Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

nesh¹,

Doddagoudar²,

Vasudevan³

et al. 2019

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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to study the influence of gamma irradiation and seed treatment chemicals on seed longevity of bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and black gram (Vigna mungo L.). The experiment consisted of nine treatments with different dosage of gamma irradiation and seed treatment chemicals. Among the different treatments imposed, significantly higher seed germination (87.0 and 83.8 %), germination rate index (4684 and 3946), peak value of germination (23.5 and 20.0), seedling vigour index (2069 and 1755), dehydrogenase enzyme activity (1.816 and 1.576 OD value) and alpha amylase enzyme activity (23.5 and 18.8 mm) with lowest abnormal seedling (8.3 and 9.0 %) and mean germination time (2.10 and 2.34) were recorded even after nine months storage, respectively in bengal gram and black gram, respectively by treating the seeds with the combination of malathion + thiram each @ 2.0 g / kg of seed as compared to all other treatments and control. The above treatment was also effective in control of cent per cent insect eggs there by without any seed damage and consequently no weight loss compared to control with 23.00, 12.92 and 7.76 per cent insect egg, seed damage and weight loss, respectively in bengal gram. But in case of black gram the seed infestation did not take place in any of the treatments including control. Further, exposing the seeds to the gamma irradiation (T 2 to T 6 ) showed a significant reduction in all above seed quality parameters with an increase in gamma irradiation dosage. While, the seed quality parameters such as, abnormal seedlings, dead seeds, mean germination time and electrical conductivity increased with the increase in dosage of gamma irradiation. However, among all the gamma irradiation treatments imposed, the highest dosage of gamma irradiation (T6-100 Gy) recorded the least seed damage (1.46 %) and weight loss (0.02%) only.

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“…The present investigation was predicated on the assumption that respiratory rates, depending on and reflecting the coordinated activity of many enzymes, might be more highly correlated with physiological characteristics of seeds such as viability or grovth than wvould be the activity of any one individual enizymlle. (18,19) and chilling injury in lima beans (20). Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity (GADA) is also related to seed germination (7) and has been used as an assay for seed storability (4, 5).…”

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Relationships Between Seed Respiration During Imbibition and Subsequent Seedling Growth in Zea mays L.

Woodstock

Grabe²

1967

Plant Physiol.

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Summnary. Corn (Zea wiiays L.) seed respiration rates during the first 30 hours of germination were compared with seedling growth 3 to 5 days after planting. Significant positive correlations were observed between rates of 02 uptake during imbibition and later stages of germination and seedling growth. Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity also was positively correlated with seedling growth. The highly significant correlations between respiratory quotients and seedling growth were negative.Seed metabolism during the initial hours of germination is evidently related somehow to seedling growth rates several days later. Whether this relationship is due to the dependence of synthetic processes and growth on respiratory energy, the fact that high respiration rates reflect high levels of metabolic activity, or to some other cause, remains to be determined.Many observations relating respiration to plant growth have been reported, but respiration-rates usually have been measured on activelyv rowing tissues. Thus, it cannot be unambiguously determined whether differences in respiration are a cause or a result of differences in growth. In this report, differences in respiration of germinating corn seeds are shown to precede differences in seedling growth and not to result from that growth.Throneberry and Smith (16) reported that loss of viability in corn seemed c!osely related to respiratory failure. The activities of malic and alcohol dehydrogenases and cytochrome oxidase were highly correlated with germination percentage. Indeed, the activity of the dehydrogenase enzymes provides the basis for the tetrazolium test for seed viabilitv (6). Frequently, however, the activity or lack of activity of a particular enzyme, or even group of enzymes, cannot be directly related to seed viability. In many cases, the activity of a certain enzyme mnay survive seed death (10). Conversely, some enzymes fail to show activity even in viable seed. Throneberry an(d Smith (16) found that different seed lots deviated from the regression line relating enzyme activ.ty to seed viability, depending on the enzym1ie assayed. The present investigation was predicated on the assumption that respiratory rates, depending on and reflecting the coordinated activity of many enzymes, might be more highly correlated with physiological characteristics of seeds such as viability or grovth than wvould be the activity of any one individual enizymlle. (18,19) and chilling injury in lima beans (20). Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity (GADA) is also related to seed germination (7) and has been used as an assay for seed storability (4, 5).In this investigation, we measured the respiration and GADA of samples of corn seeds having dif ferent levels of deterioration resulting from various longterm storage conditions. Respiration was measured between 2 and 30 hours after the start of imbibition as 02 uptake and as CO. evolution and compared with several indices of seed vigor and seedling growth. Materials and MethodsCorn seeds (Zea mavs L.) were stored for 4 years at...

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Radiation-induced changes in respiration of corn, wheat, sorghum and radish seeds during initial stages of germination in relation to subsequent seedling growth

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Gamma Irradiation-induced Variation in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

Gamma Irradiation-induced Variation in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

Influence of Gamma Irradiation and Seed Treatment Chemicals on Seed Longevity of Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Relationships Between Seed Respiration During Imbibition and Subsequent Seedling Growth in Zea mays L.

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