Radiation induced absorption of hydrogen-loaded pure silica optical fibers with carbon coating for ITER diagnostics

Gusarov, A.; Vukolov, K.Yu.; Orlovskiy, I.I.; Andreenko, E.N.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111356

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…If most of today's applications are focused on the use of single-mode (SM) or multimode (MM) optical fibers in the infrared domain (IR, 1 to 1.6 µm) targeting data communications and sensing [1][2][3][4], there is also a need for waveguides able to operate in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared domain (UV-Vis-near-IR from 350 to 1000 nm). As an example, such MM fibers are or will be integrated in the plasma diagnostics of fusion-devoted facilities such as ITER, National Ignition Facility (NIF), or Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] as well as in the 351 nm laser diagnostics of LMJ and NIF [13]. Operating under radiation in this spectral domain remains very challenging, as the fiber optical losses can be too large to design the envisioned optical systems in terms of fiber length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From an applicative point of view, this strongly limits the interest of the technique for fusion-devoted facilities considering their long lifetimes. To maintain the hydrogen into the fibers, several techniques can be suggested implying the use of metallic coatings instead of polymer ones [7,8] or the addition of a hermetic thin carbon layer between the cladding and the coating [11,28]. In these cases, the hydrogen loading should be done at high temperatures to facilitate the hydrogen diffusion into the fiber core or a hole-assisted structure has to be used [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we discuss the H 2 pretreatment efficiency of the medium-OH fiber to permanently improve both its intrinsic losses in the visible domain and its steady-state radiation response up to 300 kGy dose levels. This procedure allows achieving optical fibers fulfilling the requirements of ITER plasma diagnostics as the ones described in [11] without using carbon-layers or metallic coatings. Finally, the decomposition of the various RIA spectra was performed in order to achieve a better understanding of the basic mechanisms related to the point defects causing the optical losses excess.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Effects on Pure-Silica Multimode Optical Fibers in the Visible and Near-Infrared Domains: Influence of OH Groups

et al. 2021

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Signal transmission over optical fibers in the ultraviolet to near-infrared domains remains very challenging due to their high intrinsic losses. In radiation-rich environments, this is made even more difficult due to the radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) phenomenon. We investigated here how the number of hydroxyl groups (OH) present in multi-mode (MM) pure-silica core (PSC) optical fibers influences the RIA levels and kinetics. For this, we tested three different fiber samples: one “wet”, one “dry” and one with an intermediate “medium” OH content. The RIA of the three samples was measured in the 400–900 nm (~3 eV to ~1.4 eV) spectral range during and after an X-ray irradiation at a dose rate of 6 Gy(SiO2) s−1 up to a total accumulated dose of 300 kGy(SiO2). Furthermore, we evaluated the H2-pre-loading efficiency in the medium OH sample to permanently improve both its intrinsic losses and radiation response in the visible domain. Finally, the spectral decomposition of the various RIA responses allows us to better understand the basic mechanisms related to the point defects causing the excess of optical losses. Particularly, it reveals the relationship between the initial OH groups content and the generation of non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHCs). Moreover, the presence of hydroxyl groups also affects the contribution from other intrinsic defects such as the self-trapped holes (STHs) to the RIA in this spectral domain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Effects on Pure-Silica Multimode Optical Fibers in the Visible and Near-Infrared Domains: Influence of OH Groups

et al. 2021

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“…Because of this, radiation effects on optical fiber devices and associated technologies have been studied extensively in the last decades. Nowadays, it is also possible to include single-mode optical fibers (SMFs) as a sensing solution in large facilities, such as CERN-Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1], TESLA Test Facility at DESY Hamburg (DESY TTF) accelerator [2], International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [3,4], Laser Mega Joule (LMJ) [5], for medical radiation dosimetry [6], as well as in modern telecommunication satellites [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Radiation-Induced Effects over an Optical Fiber Laser: Towards New Sensing Applications

Pérez-Herrera

Stăncălie

Cabezudo

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In the present work, the effect of gamma radiation on the performance of different types of erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) when they are used in a fiber ring cavity (FRC) configuration is studied. Several pieces of commercial EDF are gamma-ray irradiated with different doses to evaluate the output power variations over time. The influence of different doses, from 150 Gy to 1000 Gy, over the output power level measurement and their amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) are experimentally evaluated both in the C and L bands. By using an FRC configuration we can detect the presence of gamma radiation. We can also estimate the irradiation doses applied to EDFs by measuring the slope of the short-term emission power.

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“…Radiation-induced absorption (RIA) [10] and refractive index change [11] are the most investigated radiation-induced effects on optical fibers, depending on the working principle of the sensor. These effects are complex and are dependent on the chemical composition of the optical fibers, the environment in which the irradiation takes place and the manufacturing process [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Setup for Real-Time Investigations of Optical Fiber Sensors Subjected to Gamma-Rays: Case Study on Long Period Gratings

Stăncălie

Esposito

Neguţ

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this work, we present a new setup for real-time investigations of optical fibers and optical fiber sensors while being subjected to gamma-rays. The investigation of the radiation effects on novel or well-assessed sensing devices has attracted a lot of interest, however, the facilities required to do this (when available) are barely accessible to the device to be characterized. In order to reduce the limitations of these types of experiments and ensure a highly controlled environment, we implemented a configuration that permits the on-line testing of optical components inside a Co-60 gamma chamber research irradiator. To show the advantages of this new approach, we present a case study that compares an arc-induced optical fiber long period grating (LPG) irradiated in a gamma chamber with the same type of grating irradiated with gamma-rays from a Co-60 industrial irradiator. In order to better understand the effects of radiation on such components and their behavior in radiation environments, we focus on the homogeneity of the radiation field and parameter customizability as well as the high reproducibility of the experiments.

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Radiation induced absorption of hydrogen-loaded pure silica optical fibers with carbon coating for ITER diagnostics

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Radiation Effects on Pure-Silica Multimode Optical Fibers in the Visible and Near-Infrared Domains: Influence of OH Groups

Radiation Effects on Pure-Silica Multimode Optical Fibers in the Visible and Near-Infrared Domains: Influence of OH Groups

Gamma Radiation-Induced Effects over an Optical Fiber Laser: Towards New Sensing Applications

A New Setup for Real-Time Investigations of Optical Fiber Sensors Subjected to Gamma-Rays: Case Study on Long Period Gratings

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