Rabies Virus Maintained by Dogs in Humans and Terrestrial Wildlife, Ceara State, Brazil

Favoretto, Silvana Regina; Mattos, Cecília C. de; Morais, Nélio Batista de; Carrieri, Maria Luíza; Rolim, Benedito Neilson; Silva, Lucia M.; Rupprecht, Charles E.; Durigon, Edison Luíz; Mattos, Carlos A. de

doi:10.3201/eid1212.060429

Cited by 44 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Aggression by Desmodus rotundus is currently the main cause of human rabies in Brazil, and a great number of rabies cases on nonhaematophagous bat species have been diagnosed, although with no human cases 5 . Bat rabies, combined with recent aggression by wild canines (Cerdocyon thous) and marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) [12][13] , points out to the importance of a continuous vigilance in wild animals; to understand the epidemiology of the disease in those species and to establish adequate strategies of prevention and control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in Brazil

Albas

Campos

Araújo

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:Rabies is an important zoonosis that causes thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Although the terrestrial cycle, mainly transmitted by dogs, is controlled in Brazil, the aerial cycle remains a serious public health issue, besides the economic problem. In the aerial cycle, the haematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus is the main source of infection, where several different species of non-haematophagous bats can be infected and can transmit the virus. Methods: The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological pattern of rabies using antigenic characterization with monoclonal antibodies and genetic characterization by reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of non-haematophagous bats' and herbivorous animals' central nervous system samples from the western region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Results: From 27 samples, 3 antigenic variants were identified: AgV-3, AgV-4, and AgV-6; and from 29 samples, 5 different clusters were identified, all belonging to the rabies virus species. Conclusions: Although only nonhaematophagous bats were evaluated in the studied region, the majority of samples were from antigenic and genetic variants related to haematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus. Samples from the same antigenic variant were segregated in more than one genetic cluster. This study demonstrated the diversity of rabies virus genetic lineages presented and circulating in nonhaematophagous bats in the studied region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in Brazil

Albas

Campos

Araújo

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…However, antigenic analysis is unable to identify RABV isolates obtained from several reservoirs species because these isolates produced atypical reaction patterns or incompatible profiles. [17][18][19][20][21][22]42]. The genetic analysis of the viral nucleoprotein sequence allowed further characterization of those isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two distinct variants that circulate in Northeast Brazil and that have as reservoirs Cerdocyon thous (crabeating fox) and Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset). These variants are not compatible with those defined by the CDC panel, but they have a consistent antigenic profile [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Chaves¹,

Achkar²,

Silva³

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: In Brazil, various isolates of rabies virus (RABV) show antigenic profiles distinct from those established by the reduced panel of eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) determined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), utilized for the antigenic characterization of RABV in the Americas. The objective of this study was to produce MAbs from RABV isolates from insectivorous bats with an antigenic profile incompatible with the pre-established one. Methodology: An isolate of RABV from the species Eptesicus furinalis that showed an antigenic profile incompatible with the panel utilized was selected. Hybridomas were produced utilizing the popliteal lymph nodes of mice immunized with ribonucleoproteins purified from the isolate. Results: Two MAbs-producing clones were obtained, BR/IP1-3A7 and BR/IP2-4E10. Fifty-seven isolates of RABV from different species of animals and different regions of Brazil were analyzed utilizing the MAbs obtained. In the analysis of 23 RABV isolates from nonhematophagous bats, the MAbs cross-reacted with ten isolates, of which four were of the species Nyctinomops laticaudatus, one of the species Eptesicus furinalis, and five of the genus Artibeus. Of the nine isolates of non-hematophagous isolates that displayed an incompatible profile analyzed, characteristic of insectivorous bats, BR/IP1-3A7 reacted with five (55.55%) and BR/IP2-4E10 with four (44.44%). Conclusions: The MAbs obtained were able to recognize epitopes common between the three genera, Artibeus, Eptesicus, and Nyctinomops, thereby allowing the antigenic characterization of RABV isolates in Brazil.

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“…Although the incidence of dog rabies has decreased in urban areas because of effective vaccination programmes, the frequency of RABV transmission from dogs to other dogs or humans in Brazil is currently the highest in the Americas (Belotto et al, 2005). In addition, RABVs have been isolated from wild canids, particularly foxes in north-eastern Brazil (Bernardi et al, 2005;Carnieli et al, 2008Carnieli et al, , 2009Favoretto et al, 2006;Kobayashi et al, 2007). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that inter-species RABV transmission occurred between dogs and foxes in the region, and that the viruses are circulating among the dog and fox populations independently (Bernardi et al, 2005;Carnieli et al, 2008Carnieli et al, , 2009Favoretto et al, 2006;Kobayashi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, RABVs have been isolated from wild canids, particularly foxes in north-eastern Brazil (Bernardi et al, 2005;Carnieli et al, 2008Carnieli et al, , 2009Favoretto et al, 2006;Kobayashi et al, 2007). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that inter-species RABV transmission occurred between dogs and foxes in the region, and that the viruses are circulating among the dog and fox populations independently (Bernardi et al, 2005;Carnieli et al, 2008Carnieli et al, , 2009Favoretto et al, 2006;Kobayashi et al, 2007). Therefore, dogs are considered to be a critical transmitter for spreading the virus in Brazil, and thus it is important to understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of dog RABV in Brazil in order to develop a strategy for rabies control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary history of dog rabies in Brazil

Kobayashi

Suzuki

Itou

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Although dogs are considered to be the principal transmitter of rabies in Brazil, dog rabies had never been recorded in South America before European colonization. In order to investigate the evolutionary history of dog rabies virus (RABV) in Brazil, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of carnivore RABV isolates from around the world and estimated the divergence times for dog RABV in Brazil. Our estimate for the time of introduction of dog RABV into Brazil was the late-19th to early-20th century, which was later than the colonization period but corresponded to a period of increased immigration from Europe to Brazil. In addition, dog RABVs appeared to have spread to indigenous animals in Brazil during the latter half of the 20th century, when the development and urbanization of Brazil occurred. These results suggest that the movement of rabid dogs, along with human activities since the 19th century, promoted the introduction and expansion of dog RABV in Brazil.

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Rabies Virus Maintained by Dogs in Humans and Terrestrial Wildlife, Ceara State, Brazil

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in Brazil

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in Brazil

Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Evolutionary history of dog rabies in Brazil

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