Quinoa Breeding and Genomics

Murphy, Kevin M.; Matanguihan, Janet B.; Fuentes, Francisco; Gómez-Pando, Luz Rayda; Jellen, Eric N.; Maughan, Peter J.; Jarvis, David E.

doi:10.1002/9781119521358.ch7

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Tolerant genotypes include the wild relative C. album and the Puno check variety, which was one of the genotypes with the lowest severity, sporulation, and incidence of downy mildew ( Figure 3A-C), as well as a set of Bolivian cultivars and genebank accessions. For example, cultivars Mañiqueña (CV21) and Phisankalla (CV10) perform well in dry areas like the southern Altiplano in Bolivia, but are susceptible to mildew in humid environments (Danielsen and Ames, 2000;Gandarillas et al, 2015a;Murphy et al, 2018). This phenotype was confirmed in our study because both cultivars are among the most susceptible under the humid conditions of our experiment (Figure 3).…”

Section: High Correlations Between Disease-related Traitssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The interest in quinoa re-sults from its nutritional properties and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as high salinity, drought, and frost (Gómez and Aguilar, 2016;Zurita et al, 2014). The increasing demand for quinoa and successful cultivation outside its native range led to multiple breeding programs aimed at improving yield, resistance and adaptation to novel cultivation regions or climate change (Bazile et al, 2015(Bazile et al, , 2016Murphy et al, 2018). One important biotic factor that limits cultivation is susceptibility to plant diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic variation for tolerance to the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora variabilis in genetic resources of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Colque-Little

Abondano

Lund

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an ancient grain crop that is tolerant to abiotic stress and has favorable nutritional properties. Downy mildew is the main disease of quinoa and is caused by infections of the biotrophic oomycete Peronospora variabilis Gaüm. Since the disease causes major yield losses, identifying sources of downy mildew tolerance in genetic resources and understanding its genetic basis are important goals in quinoa breeding. Results: We infected 132 South American genotypes, three Danish cultivars and the weedy relative C. album with a single isolate of P. variabilis under greenhouse conditions and observed a large variation in disease traits like severity of infection, which ranged from 5% to 83%. Linear mixed models revealed a significant effect of genotypes on disease traits with high heritabilities (0.72 to 0.81). Factors like altitude at site of origin or seed saponin content did not correlate with mildew tolerance, but stomatal width was weakly correlated with severity of infection. Despite the strong genotypic effects on mildew tolerance, genome-wide association mapping with 88 genotypes failed to identify significant marker-trait associations indicating a polygenic architecture of mildew tolerance. Conclusions: The strong genetic effects on mildew tolerance allow to identify genetic resources, which are valuable sources of resistance in future quinoa breeding.

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Section: High Correlations Between Disease-related Traitssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation for tolerance to the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora variabilis in genetic resources of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Colque-Little

Abondano

Lund

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…is an annual seed crop from the Andean region of South America. The broad adaptation, high nutritional value, and health benefits of quinoa have contributed to its recent rise in popularity across the globe (Bazile et al, 2016; Murphy et al, 2016; Jacobsen, 2017; Maliro et al, 2017; Agza et al, 2018; Murphy et al, 2018; Noratto et al, 2019). Quinoa seeds provide a high‐quality protein diet to humans, as they typically contain significant amounts of the nine essential amino acids (Wu, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Reflectance Indices and Physiological Parameters in Quinoa under Contrasting Irrigation Regimes

Hinojosa¹,

Kumar

Gill³

et al. 2019

Crop Science

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High temperatures, coupled with arid environments, are a major constraint to quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) production. Here, we tested the effectiveness of multiple phenotypic and physiological parameters useful in the selection of heat‐tolerant quinoa genotypes. Initially, we screened 112 quinoa genotypes for leaf greenness index under high‐temperature greenhouse conditions. Of these, eight genotypes were selected for field evaluations under irrigated and rainfed treatments in two locations over two growing seasons (2016–2017) in Washington State. Of these eight, four genotypes were selected as potentially heat tolerant (QQ74, Baer, BGQ 352, and Pison), and four were selected as heat‐susceptible (17 GR, La Molina, 3 UISE, and Japanese Strain). Spectral reflectance indices including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and green NDVI, as well as multiple physiological parameters, such as stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, and area under soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value decline curve (AUSDC), were evaluated. Results show variability in stomatal conductance among genotypes with 17 GR and BGQ 352 having the highest stomatal conductance and QQ74 the lowest. Baer, Pison, and QQ74 had the highest NDVI value across environments, and Japanese Strain had the lowest. Best linear unbiased prediction values in AUSDC showed that QQ74 had the highest leaf greenness and Japanese Strain had the lowest; these were classified as heat tolerant and heat susceptible, respectively. The NDVI is a potentially useful measure to predict grain yield in quinoa.

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“…Quinoa is traditionally cultivated in South America, where several cultivars have been developed, and a few varieties have been introduced in North America, Europe, China, and the Middle East ( Bazile et al, 2016 a , b ; Murphy et al , 2016 ; Jacobsen, 2017 ; Katwal and Bazile, 2020 ). Although >16 000 accessions of the genus Chenopodium exist ( FAO, 2010 ), access to genetic resources for quinoa has thus far been limited, greatly hindering genetic studies and molecular marker-assisted breeding efforts ( Zurita-Silva et al , 2014 ; Peterson et al , 2015 ; Murphy et al, 2016 , 2018 ). However, in 2017, two high-quality genome drafts were published based on inbred lines of a coastal Chilean quinoa accession (PI 614886) ( Jarvis et al , 2017 ) and a Bolivian Real variety ( Zou et al , 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for the accelerated improvement of the resilient crop quinoa

López‐Marqués

Nørrevang

Ache

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Abstract Crops tolerant to drought and salt stress may be developed by two approaches. First, major crops may be improved by introducing genes from tolerant plants. For example, many major crops have wild relatives that are more tolerant to drought and high salinity than the cultivated crops, and, once deciphered, the underlying resilience mechanisms could be genetically manipulated to produce crops with improved tolerance. Secondly, some minor (orphan) crops cultivated in marginal areas are already drought and salt tolerant. Improving the agronomic performance of these crops may be an effective way to increase crop and food diversity, and an alternative to engineering tolerance in major crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a nutritious minor crop that tolerates drought and salinity better than most other crops, is an ideal candidate for both of these approaches. Although quinoa has yet to reach its potential as a fully domesticated crop, breeding efforts to improve the plant have been limited. Molecular and genetic techniques combined with traditional breeding are likely to change this picture. Here we analyse protein-coding sequences in the quinoa genome that are orthologous to domestication genes in established crops. Mutating only a limited number of such genes by targeted mutagenesis appears to be a promising route for accelerating the improvement of quinoa and generating a nutritious high-yielding crop that can meet the future demand for food production in a changing climate.

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Quinoa Breeding and Genomics

Cited by 41 publications

References 126 publications

Genetic variation for tolerance to the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora variabilis in genetic resources of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Genetic variation for tolerance to the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora variabilis in genetic resources of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Spectral Reflectance Indices and Physiological Parameters in Quinoa under Contrasting Irrigation Regimes

Prospects for the accelerated improvement of the resilient crop quinoa

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