Quercetin and Ellagic Acid in Gastric Ulcer Prevention: An Integrated Scheme of the Potential Mechanisms of Action From in Vivo Study

Abstract

Objective: The present study was initiated to describe the gastroprotective role of quercetin (Qu) and ellagic acid (EA) on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer (GU) in rats.Methods: Forty adult female albino rats of Wistar strain were distributed into: Control group, GU group, Omeprazole group, Qu group, and EA group. Gross examination, biochemical analyses including serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serotonin (ST), ferritin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), and fibronectin (FN) levels were estimated. Moreover, histopathological and histochemical examinations of stomach tissue samples were carried out.Results: Gross examination of gastric mucosa of rats in GU group revealed hyperemia of the stomach mucosa. Furthermore, rats in GU group experienced a significant rise in serum ACTH, ferritin, HO-1, IL-2 and AGEs levels accompanied with significant drop in serum ST and FN levels versus control counterparts. Pre-treatment of GU group with Omeprazole, Qu or EA caused marked improvement in the measured biochemical parameters. Histopathological and histochemical examinations of stomach tissue samples documented the protective action of Omeprazole, Qu and EA with different degrees against GU caused by aspirin. Conclusion:As a conclusion to this study, we can state that both Qu and EA have gastroprotective effect against aspirin-induced GU in rat model. Of note, Qu showed superior impact than EA as an antiulcer agent in this study. The corresponding mechanisms are speculated to be associated with inhibiting stress-induced gastric lesion, attenuating the oxidative stress, iron chelation and blunting ferritin level, modulating inflammatory cascade, and promoting the healing process.

Role of bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells against gastric ulceration: Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

“…In the present study intragastric administration of piroxicam, an enolic acid- derived NSAID, revealed different changes in the gastric glandular cells, degeneration of surface mucous cells and pyknosis, vacuolation among parietal cells in ishmus region, basal region with vacuolated chief cells and karyolitic nucleus of parietal cells, this results is consisted with previous studies ( Avila et al, 1996 , Sabiua et al, 2015 , Kotob et al, 2018 ). The mechanism underlying for these adverse effects are related to the ability of NSAIDs to inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis and this inhibition contributes to increased acid production and decreased cytoprotective mucus formation, which are essential events in mucosal ulceration etiology.…”

“…The present scanning results of a Pantoloc® treated rats showed noticed improvement as mucus covers the surface mucosal linning and this can be explained as PPIs cause decrease in the gastric HCL and increase mucus secretion to allow the gastric tissue to heal and this is in consistent with Kotob et al (2018) who reported that histochemical examination of stomach of rat treated with omeprazole showed an increase in the polysaccharides at the surface epithelium and mucous neck cells of the gastric mucosa. Our histochemical results supported the scanning results which showed moderate distribution of polysaccharides among isthmus region and weak reaction at surface cells.…”

Protective and Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Phytobiological Formulation of Nutrients in the Treatment of Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer

“…The significant decrease in MDA observed in the group treated with phytobiological formulation, compared to the ulcer group indicates that this nutrient formulation yields an improved outcome in ameliorating the adverse effects of gastric ulcer, induced via increased lipid peroxidation [30][31][32] . The result of the present study also agrees with those of previous studies reporting that supplementation with individual formulations combined in our novel nutrient formulation is found to be effective in scavenging free radicals [1,5,7,10,15,17,18,20,33] .…”

“…Besides, quercetin is a common flavonoid antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent that is synthesized by many plants like tea, onions and apples [15][16][17][18] . Quercetin is effective against Helicobacter pylori-induced ulcers [19] and demonstrated effectiveness and protection against gastric ulcers attributable to its antioxidant potential [20] . Also, certain nutrients have been associated with anti-ulcer effects.…”

التأثیر العلاجی للکویرسیتین لدى الفئران المصابة بقرحة المعدة التی یسببها الأسبرین

“…These results agreed with Brett and Ghica (2003) who reported that quercetin's anti-inflammatory activity appears to be due to its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on inflammationproducing enzymes (cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase), and the subsequent inhibition of inflammatory mediators, including leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Moreover, Kotob et al, (2018) described the gastroprotective role of quercetin (Qu) and ellagic acid (EA) on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer (GU) in rats and concluded that both quercetin and ellagic acid caused gastroprotective effect on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The mechanisms associated with stress-induced gastric lesion inhibition, oxidative stress attenuating, iron chelation and blunting ferritin level, modulating inflammatory cascade, and promoting the healing process, were studied by Vafadar et al, (2020) who reported that quercetin can act as a cancer preventable through some mechanisms including anti-inflammation, anti-proliferation, pro-oxidation and cell cycle besides strengthening the impacts of other chemotherapeutic medications.…”