Quaternary tilt-block tectonics in parts of Eastern Kumaun Himalaya, India

Agarwal, K. K.; Sharma, V. K.

doi:10.1127/0372-8854/2011/0055-0039

Cited by 26 publications

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“…Many workers have discussed about the Kumaon Himalaya pertaining to different aspects of structure and tectonics in this region (Bhattacharya, 2008;Valdiya and Pande, 2009;Joshi and Tiwari, 2009;Agarwal et al 2010Agarwal et al , 2016Agarwal and Sharma, 2011;Bhargava, 2011;Patel et al, 2007Patel et al, , 2011Srivastava et al 2011;Verma and Bhattacharya, 2011;Jain et al 2012Jain et al , 2016Shah et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2012;Jade et al 2014;Dubey 2014;Banerjee et al 2015;Bhattacharya and Ahmed 2016)and their works have thrown much light on the tectonic evolution of the rocks of the region which are highly folded and tectonically much complex. The mesoscopic folds have been used by many workers for the analysis of the folding and the strain conditions (Dieterich and Carter, 1969;Roberts and Strömgard, 1972;Hudleston, 1973;Sanderson, 1976;Bhattacharya, 1978;Hudleston, and Holst, 1984;Lisle, 1992;Bastida, 1993;Bastida et al, 2003;Srivastava, 1995Srivastava, , 2003Srivastava and Gairola, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric and strain analyses in folds of the area around Gankot, district Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India

Lata¹,

Kumar²,

Srivastava³

2019

J. Geoscience Eng. Environ. Technol.

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The study area around Gankot in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand belongs to the Thalkedar Limestone unit of Mandhali Formation, Tejam Group in Inner Sedimentary Zone of Lesser Himalaya, which exposes complexly folded and refolded structures. Geometric analysis carried out on the profile section of the fold tracing using dip isogon and orthogonal thickness parameters revealed presence of all the fold geometry suggested by Ramsay (1967) however the class 3 followed by class 1B are the most dominant classes in the study area when individual layers of the fold were studied. The study of folds as multilayered unit reveals that folds in study area belong to strongly non-analogous fold class of anisodeviatoric folds. In fold, the strain analysis has been done by drawing strain ellipse obtained by Inverse Thickness Method which is useful in estimating flattening strain even when the flattening is imposed obliquely to the fold’s axial trace. The finite two-dimensional flattening strain ratio (Rs) value ranged between 1 and 3.14 with an average Rs value of 1.60. The method of Srivastava and Gairola (2003) has also been used to obtain shear strain and flattening strain for the multilayered folds of study area. The results reveal that the multilayered folds around Gankot area are moderately flattened with mean flatting strain varying between 1.06 and 2.28. A very high degree of variation in shearing ranging about 70o in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions has been noticed. The shear strains (γ) in folds have been found to vary between -2.75 to + 3.27 with an average of +0.33. The shearing and strain patterns are suggestive that the most dominant folding mechanism has been the flexure-shear for the folds of the study area which are overprinted by the fold flattening and other subsequent deformations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric and strain analyses in folds of the area around Gankot, district Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India

Lata¹,

Kumar²,

Srivastava³

2019

J. Geoscience Eng. Environ. Technol.

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“…Work similar to the present study has also been carried out by Malik et al (2014) on the basis of imageries and GPR data. Agarwal and Sharma (2011) have carried out morphometric analysis to detect the tilting of areas occupied by Quaternary deposits in parts of the eastern Kumaun Himalaya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage response to active tectonics and evolution of tectonic geomorphology across the Himalayan Frontal Thrust, Kumaun Himalaya

2015

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“…Abrupt deflection of the Kali River course from its original flow direction, that is, NNE‐SSW to E‐W, is observed, which reflects recent activity in this region (Figure a,b). Morphometric analysis in association with fluvial landform study has been used to ascertain the tectonic instability/stability in different river valleys of the central Kumaun Himalaya like the Kosi, Kali, Saryu, Pindar, and Alaknanda (Agarwal & Sharma, ; Goswami & Deopa, ; Goswami & Pant, ; Joshi, Singh, Pant, Puniya, & Kothyari, ; Kothyari, ; Kothyari & Pant, ; Luirei, ; Pant, Goel, & Joshi, ; Rana, Singh, Sundriyal, Rawat, & Juyal, ). The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) analysis combined with field evidences is extensively used to deduct neotectonic deformation across the complex Himalayan domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) analysis combined with field evidences is extensively used to deduct neotectonic deformation across the complex Himalayan domain. However, the morphometric approach has been widely used to evaluate the signature of tectonic activity (Agarwal, Bali, & Singh, , Agarwal, Bali, Kumar, Srivastava, & Singh, ; Agarwal & Sharma, ; Agarwal, Prakash, Nawaz Ali, & Jahan, ; Ambili & Narayana, ; Dehbozorgi et al, ; Figueroa & Knott, ; Ganas, Pavlides, & Karastathis, ; Jacques, Salvador, Machado, Grohmann, & Nummer, ; Kothyari, ; Kothyari & Luirei, ; Kothyari, Rastogi, Morthekai, & Dumka, ; Kothyari, Kandregula, & Luirei, , ; Özkaymak & Sözbilir, ; Petrovszki, Székely, & Timár, ; Prakash, Agarwal, & Sharma, ; Silva, Goy, Zazo, & Bardajm, ). Stream length‐gradient index (SL‐index; Hack, ) and steepness index (ksn) are globally used to detect neotectonic movements from longitudinal stream slope profiles (Kirby & Whipple, ; Kothyari et al, , ; Whipple, Di‐Biase, & Crosby, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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We have analysed the geomorphic signatures in aggregation with the geomorphic indices with respect to hinterland and foreland neotectonic variability across the major Himalayan thrust system along the Kali River valley of eastern Kumaun Himalaya. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrust gave rise to the accommodation space for the aggradation of the recent fluvial sediments. For a longitudinal distance of 212 km between the South Tibet Detachment (STD)and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), the valley has preserved significant aggradational landforms. These landforms have been physically examined to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to the tectonic activity during the late Quaternary. Fossil valleys and associated epigenetic gorges, cut-and-fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris-flow terraces, bedrock strath terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are the significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley. They provide signatures of tectonic activity and past climatic records. We have analysed various geomorphic indices, namely, stream-gradient index (SL), steepness index (Ks), hypsometric curve and index (HI), and asymmetric factor (AF) to map the spatial variability in tectonic processes across the major thrusts. The channel morphology (depth and width) of a river becomes adjusted in geological time because of long-term tectonic and erosional processes. However, the channel geometry and deviations can be highly adjustable in a tectonically disturbed mountainous region. The deviations along the river course can be attributed to active tectonic movement along thrusts/faults or because of erosion/sedimentation processes. We applied a novel method called the river Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA) for 37 subbasins of the Kali River to deduce active deformation (uplift/subsidence) corresponding to the increased sedimentation and erosional rates, both from the upstream and downstream parts of the thrusted blocks, from where river flows through. The results of basin-wise morphometric indices were corroborated with GLA anomaly and field observations, which suggests that the area has undergone active deformation between the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), which is attributed to the regional compression. The results of geomorphic and morphometric data are validated with the focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes. The geomorphic analysis suggests that the hinterland part of eastern Kumaun is more active than the foreland region.

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Quaternary tilt-block tectonics in parts of Eastern Kumaun Himalaya, India

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Geometric and strain analyses in folds of the area around Gankot, district Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India

Geometric and strain analyses in folds of the area around Gankot, district Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India

Drainage response to active tectonics and evolution of tectonic geomorphology across the Himalayan Frontal Thrust, Kumaun Himalaya

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

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