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In the recent years, bioinformatics methods have been reported with a high degree of success for candidate gene identification. In this milieu, we have used an integrated bioinformatics approach assimilating information from gene ontologies (GO), protein–protein interaction (PPI) and network analysis to predict candidate genes related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 40973 PPIs were considered for 4704 cancer-related genes to construct human cancer gene network (HCGN). The importance of each node was measured in HCGN by ten different centrality measures. We have shown that the top ranking genes are related to a significantly higher number of diseases as compared to other genes in HCGN. A total of 39 candidate oral cancer target genes were predicted by combining top ranked genes and the genes corresponding to significantly enriched oral cancer related GO terms. Initial verification using literature and available experimental data indicated that 29 genes were related with OSCC. A detailed pathway analysis led us to propose a role for the selected candidate genes in the invasion and metastasis in OSCC. We further validated our predictions using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and found that the gene FLNA was upregulated while the genes ARRB1 and HTT were downregulated in the OSCC tissue samples.

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This paper proposes a new tracking controller for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) using the concept of simultaneous quadratic stabilization. The nonlinear underwater vehicle system is viewed as a set of locally linear time invariant systems obtained by linearizing the system equations on the reference trajectory about some discrete points. A single stabilizing controller is then designed for the set of systems so obtained. However, this controller requires the exact parameters of the system. Since the hydrodynamic parameters of AUVs are generally not known with sufficient accuracy, the proposed controller is used for the known part of the dynamics and an adaptation algorithm is used to estimate the unknown parameters online and compensate for the rest of the plant dynamics. The proposed controller can thus adaptively handle the complete nonlinear uncertain dynamics of the plant. Simulation results are presented and discussed for a typical AUV.

Annonaceous fruits are characterized by a serious problem of fruit set, and hand pollination is commonly practiced for improving the set. Because we observed that allied Annona spp. are freely crossable and often produce attractive Fo fruits, the possibility of using their pollen in hand pollination was investigated. A total of 1080 flowers of cv. Arka Sahan in 2003 and 3420 in 2004 were pollinated with A. atemoya Hort., A. cherimola Mill., A. reticulata L., A. squamosa L., and self-pollen. Pollen source had significant effects in both or either year on all 14 fruit traits studied except days to ripening. A. squamosa pollen gave the highest fruit set (greater than 91%) and the heaviest fruits (greater than 600 g). Good to moderate fruit set was recorded with A. reticulata and self-pollen (31% to 86%); and with A. atemoya and A. cherimola pollen, the set was poor (4% to 13%), whereas natural set was as low as 2%. ‘Arka Sahan’ fruits resulting from A. squamosa pollen showed quicker fruit maturity (128 days) and least weight loss on ripening (13%). Evaluation of fruit pulp quality revealed that pollen source and year had significant effects on the total soluble solids and acidity but not their ratio. Mean number of seeds per 100 g fruit was found to vary (6 to 11) with pollen source used. A. squamosa and A. reticulata pollen had higher seed count with good to moderate fruit size and symmetrical shape, but those from the rest of the pollen sources neither possessed good size nor shape. Results clearly showed that ‘Arka Sahan’ could be successfully hand pollinated with A. squamosa pollen. The differential ability of pollen sources to fertilize number of ovules and set seeds per fruit rather than the pollen genotype had a significant effect on many fruit traits like size, symmetry, skin thickness, and total soluble solids, which we describe as ”pseudo-xenia.” Useful pseudo-xenic effect is worth exploiting in fruit culture.

ConClusionThis literature search highlights rarity of congenital variety of Gerbode defect. We report only second case of such rare defect from India. The review highlights salient parameters (no age predilection, direct more common congenital variety, symptomatic at presentation, required surgical correction in majority) from all reported cases so far to aware the treating clinicians and paediatricians of such rare defect that needs timely surgical correction/referral for better survival and outcome.