Quaternary indoor organic photovoltaic device demonstrating panchromatic absorption and power conversion efficiency of 10%

Shin, Sang‐Chul; Vincent, Premkumar; Bae, Jin‐Hyuk; Lee, Jae Joon; Nam, Minwoo; Ko, Doo‐Hyun; Kim, Hyeok; Shim, Jae Won

doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.11.043

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Through solving for multiple active layer thicknesses in the FDTD simulation, the active layer thickness was optimized to 260 nm under AM1.5 G illumination and 230 nm under 500 lx white LED illumination. It has been shown in previous studies that the optimized active layer thickness varies under different illumination sources [24,25]. Figure 3 shows the optimized quaternary structure obtained by focusing the electric field intensity inside the active layer of the IPV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Thus, the quaternary IPV exhibited hybrid characteristics obtained from both PTB7 and PCDTBT components. We discussed the viability of the quaternary IPV for indoor light harvesting applications in our previous article [24]. This article mentioned that the IPV was observed to have low series resistance and high shunt resistance, even under low light conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Crucial Role of Quaternary Mixtures of Active Layer in Organic Indoor Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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A bulk heterojunction (BHJ) consisting of more than one donor/acceptor is one plausible way to improve the charge transport and/or the spectral absorption range in organic solar cells. Ternary and quaternary solar cells have shown promise in this regard. However, quaternary structures have not yet been intensively tested under indoor lighting conditions. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)-based simulation was used to solve for the electric field intensity distribution inside a quaternary photovoltaic device illuminated by 500 lx indoor white light emitting diodes (LEDs). We found that quaternary indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) showed peculiarly high oscillations in the simulated ideal short-circuit current density (Jsc,ideal). Here, we simulated the electric field intensity inside the photovoltaic, compared it to single BHJ photovoltaics, and deduced that the electric field intensity inside the active layer of the IPV was highly sensitive to its thickness due to interference between the incident light and the light reflecting from the back electrode. We also found that Poly[N-9′-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) acted as the primary light absorber in the quaternary blend while poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7) acted primarily as a cascade energy level and secondarily as a supplementary light absorber.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Crucial Role of Quaternary Mixtures of Active Layer in Organic Indoor Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, daily charging or frequent replacement of batteries is not practical in small wireless devices [ 7 ]. Therefore, alternative microscale ambient-energy-harvesting technologies, such as thermoelectric generators [ 8 , 9 ], mechanical energy harvesters [ 10 , 11 ], and low-intensity light energy harvesters [ 12 , 13 ], can be an excellent option for powering small wireless devices. Interestingly, most of the IoT devices are operated indoors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various PV materials have been employed so far to develop efficient solar cells for indoor applications. These solar cells can be classified into four different categories, namely, inorganic solar cells (ISCs) [ 14 , 24 , 25 ], dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [ 21 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], organic solar cells (OSCs) [ 13 , 16 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], and perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Among them, ISCs exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) in outdoor environments (1-sun condition), whereas DSSCs, OSCs, and PVSCs show a good performance in indoor environments (for low-intensity light).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Cells for Indoor Applications: Progress and Development

Biswas

Kim

2020

Polymers

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The Internet of things (IoT) has been rapidly growing in the past few years. IoT connects numerous devices, such as wireless sensors, actuators, and wearable devices, to optimize and monitor daily activities. Most of these devices require power in the microwatt range and operate indoors. To this end, a self-sustainable power source, such as a photovoltaic (PV) cell, which can harvest low-intensity indoor light, is appropriate. Recently, the development of highly efficient PV cells for indoor applications has attracted tremendous attention. Therefore, different types of PV materials, such as inorganic, dye-sensitized, organic, and perovskite materials, have been employed for harvesting low-intensity indoor light energy. Although considerable efforts have been made by researchers to develop low-cost, stable, and efficient PV cells for indoor applications, Extensive investigation is necessary to resolve some critical issues concerning PV cells, such as environmental stability, lifetime, large-area fabrication, mechanical flexibility, and production cost. To address these issues, a systematic review of these aspects will be highly useful to the research community. This study discusses the current status of the development of indoor PV cells based on previous reports. First, we have provided relevant background information. Then, we have described the different indoor light sources, and subsequently critically reviewed previous reports regarding indoor solar cells based on different active materials such as inorganic, dye-sensitized, organic, and perovskite. Finally, we have placed an attempt to provide insight into factors needed to further improve the feasibility of PV technology for indoor applications.

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“…The main tool for converting indoor light photons to electrical energy is indoor photovoltaics (IPV) cell. Various PV materials, such as silicon (Si) [8], III-V semiconductor [9], gallium arsenide (GaAs) [10], perovskites [11], copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) [12], polymers [13,14], and small molecular dyes [15], have been tested to construct efficient IPV cells. Among various IPVs, the dye-sensitized PV cell is one of the best options for harvesting indoor light energy owing to its good spectral match with indoor light sources and interesting capability of maintaining higher photovoltage in indoor light conditions [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardizing Performance Measurement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells for Indoor Light Harvesting

et al. 2020

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During the last five years the demand of indoor photovoltaic (IPV) technology is growing rapidly for the Internet of Things. Until now, there is no standardized measurement methodology for IPV devices. So, it is very hard to estimate device efficiency accurately in indoor illuminating condition. This is one of the main obstacles for the commercialization of IPV devices. A standardized universal measurement methodology is highly needed. Therefore in this study, a series of N719 dye based dye-sensitized photovoltaic (PV) cells have been fabricated by varying the working electrode thickness. Then, a low irradiance measurement system has been configured to develop an ideal indoor environment with diffused light by adjusting the distance (1.4 m) between the test cell and light source. Furthermore, the inner wall of the measurement system has been covered by white paper. PV cells are tested under the illumination of three different light sources such as cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), cool white LED (LED 5600 K), and warm white LED (LED 3200 K)), at the same irradiance power intensity (150 μW/cm 2) and luminance (500 lx) values, to standardize the measurement methodology for PV cells in indoor environment. This study shows that, the response of a PV cell to different light sources can be realized more accurately, if the PV cell is tested under the illumination of different light sources at a fixed irradiance power intensity value instead of a fixed luminance value. INDEX TERMS indoor dye sensitize photovoltaic; different source of indoor light; diffused light; maximum output power density; irradiance power intensity; luminance.

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Quaternary indoor organic photovoltaic device demonstrating panchromatic absorption and power conversion efficiency of 10%

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

The Crucial Role of Quaternary Mixtures of Active Layer in Organic Indoor Solar Cells

The Crucial Role of Quaternary Mixtures of Active Layer in Organic Indoor Solar Cells

Solar Cells for Indoor Applications: Progress and Development

Standardizing Performance Measurement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells for Indoor Light Harvesting

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