Quartz crystal microbalance‐based measurements of shear‐induced senescence in human embryonic kidney cells

Abstract

Fluid shear and other mechanical forces play an important role in the normal biophysical, biochemical, and gene regulatory responses of vertebrate tissue that are reflected in the expression of normal cell differentiation, growth, and function. Despite some promising work reported on the application of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to both prokaryote and eukaryote cells over the last decade, QCM has yet to be successfully applied to cells in culture under conditions of flow-induced shear. In this study, high sensitivity QCM in conjunction with fluid modelling was used to monitor the onset of senescence in immortalised human embryonic kidney cells under laminar shear stresses of between 0.04 and 335 dyne/cm(2). The feasibility of this approach as a means of quantification and characterisation of cell physiological response and adhesion are explored and discussed.

Measuring Cell Adhesion on RGD‐Modified, Self‐Assembled PEG Monolayers Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Technique

“…This is in good agreement with numerous publications describing that shear stress can hamper cell adhesion. [36] Unfortunately, there seems to be only one publication investigating the shear stress on cells caused by a QCM under dynamic conditions, [18] making it difficult to estimate its influence on cell adhesion within this system. Experiments with higher pump speeds (and therefore higher shear stress) resulted in significantly lower cell adhesion, a fact, which supports these assumptions (data not shown) and was also described by Jenkins et al [18] Suppressing Cell Adhesion by Grafting PEG Molecules to the Surface A completely different result was obtained when the gold electrodes were modified with (NH 2 PEG 2000 C 11 S) 2 .…”

“…[36] Unfortunately, there seems to be only one publication investigating the shear stress on cells caused by a QCM under dynamic conditions, [18] making it difficult to estimate its influence on cell adhesion within this system. Experiments with higher pump speeds (and therefore higher shear stress) resulted in significantly lower cell adhesion, a fact, which supports these assumptions (data not shown) and was also described by Jenkins et al [18] Suppressing Cell Adhesion by Grafting PEG Molecules to the Surface A completely different result was obtained when the gold electrodes were modified with (NH 2 PEG 2000 C 11 S) 2 . In previous investigations, we could show, that the PEG derivatives we synthesized form self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces, and can significantly reduce the adsorption of proteins due to steric repulsion of PEG, [5,7] an effect which has extensively been described in the literature.…”

“…[10,11] However, compared to its use for protein adsorption experiments, only a few studies on cell adhesion using the QCM have been published. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The different cell types that have been investigated lead to very different changes in resonance frequencies, depending on the cell seeding density, and of course on the different setups. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] A significant drawback of all those studies is that most of them were performed under static conditions (except for the study by Jenkins et al [18] ).…”

A survey of the 2001 to 2005 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature: applications of acoustic physics to the analysis of biomolecular interactions

“…The cell layer exhibited periodic, synchronous contractions at a rate of about 1.5 Hz, which was clearly reflected in periodic variations of the resonance frequency and bandwidth, and which could be modulated by stimulating drugs such as isoproterenol. Cell-based studies have also been extended to monitor shear-induced senescence in human embryonic kidney cells in culture under conditions of flow-induced shear (Jenkins et al, 2004b), and vesicle release and retrieval (Cans et al, 2001). In the latter study, increasing potassium concentration in the media was shown to stimulate exocytosis, whilst the endocytosis was spontaneous.…”

Photo‐immobilization of biological components on gold‐coated chips for measurements using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)

“…Of the measurement methods, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (Baac et al, 2006;Hodin et al, 2007;Jacquemart et al, 2008;Suenaga et al, 2003;Wolf et al, 2005) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) (Hodin et al, 2007;Jenkins et al, 2004;Nakano et al, 2007;Rawle et al, 2007;Sota et al, 2002) are very popular. For these measurements, some types of sensor chips are commercially available, although there are in general numerous immobilization methods (Rusmin et al, 2007).…”