Quantitative determination of crystalline silica in respirable-size dust samples by infrared spectrophotometry

Foster, Robert D.; Walker, Ronald F.

doi:10.1039/an9840901117

Cited by 40 publications

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“…In IR spectrophotometry, the interference is limited by computerized development of the curves correcting their infl uence, e.g. by scaled subtraction of interferent spectra and forming higher-order derivative spectra [93,96,99,100,102,106,107]. Irrespective of the method used, it is possible to carry out a procedure of removing some sample components by ashing or chemically dissolving them, prior to the analytical measurements [96,99,102].…”

Section: Methods For Determination Of Crystalline Silicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure Assessment for Crystalline Silica Dust: Approach in Poland and Worldwide

Maciejewska

2008

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Crystalline silica is a health hazard commonly encountered in work environment. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica dust concerns workers employed in such industries as mineral, fuel-energy, metal, chemical and construction industry. It is estimated that over 2 million workers in the European Union are exposed to crystalline silica. In Poland, over 50 thousand people work under conditions of silica dust exposure exceeding the occupational exposure limit. The assessment of occupational exposure to crystalline silica is a multi-phase process, primarily dependent on workplace measurements, quantitative analyses of samples, and comparison of results with respective standards. The present article summarizes the approaches to and methods used for assessment of exposure to crystalline silica as adopted in different countries in the EU and worldwide. It also compares the occupational limit values in force in almost 40 countries. Further, it points out the consequences resulting from the fact that IARC has regarded the two most common forms of crystalline silica: quartz and cristobalite as human carcinogens. The article includes an inter-country review of the methods used for air sample collection, dust concentration measurements, and determination of crystalline silica. The selection was based on the GESTIS database which lists the methods approved by the European Union for the measurements and tests regarding hazardous agents. Special attention has been paid to the methods of determining crystalline silica. The author attempts to analyze the infl uence of analytical techniques, sample preparation and the reference materials on determination results. Also the operating parameters of the method, including limit of detection, limit of quantifi cation, and precision, have been compared.

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Section: Methods For Determination Of Crystalline Silicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure Assessment for Crystalline Silica Dust: Approach in Poland and Worldwide

Maciejewska

2008

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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“…In order to obtain calibration curves of crystalline silica, quartz samples of respirable range were used as the standard. Although crystalline silica has several polymorphs such as cristobalite and tridymite, it is reasonable to use quartz as the standard because the other forms of silica are usually not present in significant amounts in industrial hygiene samples [4][5][6] . The absorbance ratio method was carried out according to the Guide book 1) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, six minerals in Table 1, Kaolinite, Mulite, Muscovite, Pyrophyllite, Montmorillonite and Amorphous silica, were selected as typical interference minerals for investigation. Among the fourteen minerals in the Table, these six minerals are most often quoted as the interference minerals for quartz determination in past IR studies 5,11,13,16,17,[20][21][22][23] . They are commonly used as industrial materials and therefore thought to come into existence in many working environments.…”

Section: Spectrum Measurement Of Interference Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interference minerals which are known to have a band close to 800 cm -1 are listed in Table 1 5,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . In this study, six minerals in Table 1, Kaolinite, Mulite, Muscovite, Pyrophyllite, Montmorillonite and Amorphous silica, were selected as typical interference minerals for investigation.…”

Section: Spectrum Measurement Of Interference Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining of Crystalline Silica in Respirable Dust Samples by Infrared Spectrophotometry in the Presence of Interferences

Ojima

2003

Journal of Occupational Health

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Determining of Crystalline Silica in Respirable Dust Samples by Infrared Spectrophotometry in the Presence of Interferences: Jun Ojima. National Institute of Industrial Health—Infrared Spectrophotometry (IR) is now widely used to determine crystalline silica in industrial dust samples. Though the IR method has many advantages when dealing with respirable dust samples, some serious analytical errors are often caused by interference minerals contamination. These minerals have a characteristic absorption band corresponding in position to the analytical peak for crystalline silica. In this paper, six typical interference minerals (Kaolinite, Mullite, Muscovite, Pyrophyllite, Montmorillonite and Amorphous silica) were pre‐size controlled to respirable range and their infrared spectra were measured by means of an FT‐IR with the well known potassium bromide tablet technique. The effects of these interference minerals on the Japanese OEL or the administrative control level for respirable dust which depend on the silica content were calculated and expressed in figures. The measured absorption coefficients of the interference minerals and quartz were 1.36–6.98 Abs/mg and 24.46 Abs/mg, respectively. The absorption band height ratios of each interference minerals were also measured. Then the efficiency and applicability of two spectrum correction methods for the interference minerals, absorbance ratio method and difference spectrum method were examined by using artificially mixed samples (standard interference mineral + standard quartz). By comparing the quantifying results for the mixture samples, it was revealed that the interfered spectra were almost corrected successfully when using the difference spectrum method, whereas correction by the absorbance ratio method resulted in apparent negative errors. Furthermore, the difference spectrum method was proven to be superior to the absorbance ratio method in applicability.

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“…Although airborne particulate matter and atmospheric dust are very complicated multi-component mixtures, usually only their mass concentrations, or sometimes elemental compositions, have been measured. Some excellent investigations have been reported concerning the detection and determination of their particular components by some characteristic techniques: e.g., individual particles by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis [1][2][3][4] , the oxidation states of some elements by Xray photoelectron spectometry 5 , silica by infrared spectrometry 6,7 , elemental carbon by diode-laser photoacoustic method 8 , anions by ion chromatography(IC) 9,10 , metallic elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) [11][12][13] and ICP-mass spectrometry 14,15 , volatile organic components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [16][17][18][19][20] , and anions 21 and cations 22,23 by capillary electrophoresis (CE). However, it is desireble to develop a systematic analytical method by which important information, including the chemical states, can be efficiently obtained from the same sample.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Water and Acid Soluble Components in Atmospheric Dust by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Ion Chromatography and Ion-Selective Electrode Method

Kyotani

Iwatsuki

1998

ANAL. SCI.

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The extraction and determination of water and dilute-acid-soluble components in atmospheric dust has been investigated as a part of its systematic chemical state analysis. A sample was dispersed in acetone by ultrasonication, followed by centrifugation. After the supernatant was removed for the analysis of acetone-soluble components, succeeding extractions with water and dilute hydrochloric acid were carried out for the residue. The water-soluble components were extracted within 20 min under ultrasonication. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to the residue after water extraction, and the soluble components were extracted by filtration and ultrasonication. Extraction with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid was recommended, because it dissolved the main soluble components, such as sulfate and carbonate (e.g., gypsum and calcite) within 20 min without any significant loss of iron oxides (e.g., magnetite and hematite), which could be determined by Xray diffraction analysis. Sixteen cations, ammonium ion and five anions in the extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using a yttrium internal standard, an ion-selective electrode and ion chromatography, respectively. The determination of water and dilute-acid soluble components in atmospheric dust collected in bagfilters was achieved with reasonable precisions.Keywords Atmospheric dust, water and acid soluble component, chemical state analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ion chromatography, ion selective electrode † To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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Quantitative determination of crystalline silica in respirable-size dust samples by infrared spectrophotometry

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Occupational Exposure Assessment for Crystalline Silica Dust: Approach in Poland and Worldwide

Occupational Exposure Assessment for Crystalline Silica Dust: Approach in Poland and Worldwide

Determining of Crystalline Silica in Respirable Dust Samples by Infrared Spectrophotometry in the Presence of Interferences

Determination of Water and Acid Soluble Components in Atmospheric Dust by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Ion Chromatography and Ion-Selective Electrode Method

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