Quantitative comparison of de novo and precursor formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins under simulated municipal solid waste incinerator postcombustion conditions

Dickson, L.C.; Lenoir, Dieter; Hutzinger, O.

doi:10.1021/es00033a017

Cited by 204 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The planarity of the polyaromatic surface structure (graphene layers) of activated carbon has a concentration-enhancing effect on the condensation reaction of chlorophenols. The catalytic activity of activated carbon has also been mentioned by Dickson et al (25). The PCDD isomer distribution is identical to that obtained in the catalyzed combustion of activated carbon in the presence of HC1 (see Table 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon

Luijk¹,

Akkerman²,

Slot³

et al. 1994

Environ. Sci. Technol.

195

124

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Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzfurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon. Luijk, R.; Akkerman, D.M.; Slot, P.C.; Olie, K.; Kapteijn, F. Published in:Environmental Science and Technology DOI:10.1021/es00051a019Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Luijk, R., Akkerman, D. M., Slot, P. C., Olie, K., & Kapteijn, F. (1994). Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzfurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon. Environmental Science and Technology, 28, 312-321. DOI: 10.1021/es00051a019 General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Combustion experiments of an activated carbon (Norit RX Extra), catalyzed by CuC12, were conducted in triplicate in a flow of moist air containing 5 vol % HC1 at 300 "C to reveal the mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The catalyst concentration was varied from 0, 0.1,0.5,1.0, to 5.0 wt %. After partial combustion (1 h), the samples were analyzed on the presence of PCDDs and PCDFs. The total yield of these compounds amounted to 19 (0.1 wt % CuC12) and 2 (5.0 wt % CuClz) pg/g of carbon. The PCDD/PCDF ratio showed a decrease from 33 to 0.2. At low copper concentrations, predominantly PCDDs are formed with an isomer pattern that can be explained completely as a product of chlorophenol condensation reactions. At high copper concentrations, the PCDD/PCDF isomer distribution pattern shifts toward a characteristic waste incineration fly ash pattern. A proposal for the mechanism of formation of PCDDs and PCDFs in the catalyzed combustion of carbon will be presented. Condensation reactions of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on carbon ( O w t 9% CuC12)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon

Luijk¹,

Akkerman²,

Slot³

et al. 1994

Environ. Sci. Technol.

195

124

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“…In addition, PCDDs formation was strongly related to CPs concentration (Tuppurainen et al, 2000;Stanmore, 2002). Dickson et al (1992) found that PCDD/Fs formation from model precursor compound pentachlorophenol (PCP) was 72-99000 times greater than that from carbon via de novo mechanism. Altwicker concluded from his kinetic calculations that PCDD/Fs were formed much faster from precursors than from carbon in fly ash and that chlorophenols therefore represented key molecules in PCDD/Fs formation in combustion processes (Weber and Hagenmaier, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of PCDD/Fs formation from dioxin precursors by calcium oxide

et al. 2005

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Research aimed at understanding the inhibition effect of CaO on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) formation form dioxins precursors, such as chlorophenols (CPs) and chlorobenzenes (CBs). The results indicated that a clear dioxin inhibition effect occurred both in open and sealed system when CaO was used. In the open system, PCDDs were the main congeners and the inhibition efficiency was all over 99% in the experiments. In the experiments with CaO, less than 0.1% of the initial PCP was detected in the absorption tube and only about 1% of the initial PCP was examined as calcium pentachlorophenate in the reaction tube. In the sealed system, the inhibition efficiency was over 90% at temperature range between 280 and 450°C when PCP was used as model precursor. When HCB and 2,3,4,5-T 4 CP replaced PCP, significant inhibition effect was also observed. As CaO has the advantageous properties of non-toxicity and non-volatile nature, it is our hope that the result will contribute to the development of a new technique to cope with the problem of dioxin pollution in MWIs.

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“…Research over the past few years has identified carbon as one of the sources of formation of polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) during incineration of municipal solid waste (1,2). PCDDlF formation from carbon has been named de novo synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Oxygen in Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans from Carbon on Fly Ash

Addink¹,

Olie²

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Role of oxygen in formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from carbon and fly ash. Addink, R.; Olie, K. Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Under an oxygen-deficient flow, no PCDD/F is formed from a carbon/fly ash mixture, but with a mixture of 1% 02 in N2 de novo synthesis of PCDD/F sets in. The 02 concentration was varied 0-lo%, formation was highest at 5-10% 02. Isomer distributions do not change with increased reaction times. Formation rates under conditions without a gas flow are higher than with a gas flow present, suggesting that 02 diffusion into the fly ash bed is more efficient than the supply of 02 through a gas flow.

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Quantitative comparison of de novo and precursor formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins under simulated municipal solid waste incinerator postcombustion conditions

Cited by 204 publications

References 18 publications

Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon

Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon

Inhibition of PCDD/Fs formation from dioxin precursors by calcium oxide

Role of Oxygen in Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans from Carbon on Fly Ash

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