Role of Oxygen in Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans from Carbon on Fly Ash

Addink, Ruud; Olie, K.

doi:10.1021/es00006a023

Cited by 80 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Oxygen is necessary for PCDD/F formation from macromolecular carbon, and consequently, several research groups have focussed on the effect of the concentration of O 2 in the reactant stream. The results indicate that a reduced oxygen concentration is more conducive to the formation of PCDD/F, with maximum rates occurring for gas-phase concentration of 5 to 10 % O 2 , as described by Addink and co-researchers [5].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Their Precursors in Fires of Pyrethroid Pesticide Alpha-Cypermethrin

Summoogum¹,

Wojtalewicz²,

Mackie³

et al. 2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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This study reports the results of the gas phase oxidation of alpha-cypermethrin, a common insecticide, elucidating the decomposition pathways and formation of toxic species such as polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) and their precursors. Conditions investigated are similar to those encountered in post combustion and cooling-down zones of forest, agricultural and wild fires, as well as in burning of biomass contaminated or treated with pesticides. The experiments were conducted under fuel lean conditions in a tubular reactor housed in a three-zone heating furnace and operated with a dilute stream of alpha-cypermethrin in ultra high purity nitrogen and oxygen. PCDD/F were identified and quantified by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC)-ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). We detected mono to hepta chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans with maximum emission factors of 141 μg g of alpha-cypermethrin. 1-monochlorodibenzofuran was ranked as the most abundant congener. We also conducted the analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOC) attempting to identify the PCDD/F precursors by means of HRGCquadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS). The results of VOC revealed chlorobenzene, diphenyl ether, benzaldehyde, chlorotoluene, dichlorotoluene as important PCDD/F precursors.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Their Precursors in Fires of Pyrethroid Pesticide Alpha-Cypermethrin

Summoogum¹,

Wojtalewicz²,

Mackie³

et al. 2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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“…13 A similar trend was observed in the fly ash samples-the PCDD/F TEQs were generally higher in fly ash samples from SIs than in those from MSWIs. Although the mechanism of formation of PCDD/Fs present in fly ash has been extensively studied, [14][15][16] Table 2 shows the flue gas treatment systems of incinerators tested. For the stack gas samples, the hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in four sample groups ( Figure 1); 68.3% of the variance is accounted for by the first principal component (x axis) and 14.4% is accounted for by the second principal component (y axis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Characteristic Homologue Patterns of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Various Incinerator Emissions and in Air Collected Near an Incinerator

Chang

Ikonomou

2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were monitored in stack gas and fly ash of various Korean incinerators and in air samples collected near the facilities. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs in emissions were investigated, and characteristic PCDD/F homologue patterns were classified using statistical analyses. The PCDD/F emission levels in stack gas and fly ash samples from small incinerators (SIs) were higher than those from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). The PCDD/F concentrations ranged between 0.38 and 1.16 pg I-TEQ/m 3 (21.2-75.2 pg/m 3 ) in ambient air samples. The lower-chlorinated furans were the dominant components in most of the stack gas and fly ash samples from SIs, although this was not the case for fly ash from MSWIs. This homologue pattern is consistent with other studies reporting a high fraction of lower-chlorinated furans in most environmental samples affected by incinerator emissions, and it can be used as an indicator to assess the impact of such facilities on the surrounding environment.

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“…The PCDD:PDCF ratio increases as O 2 concentration increases. Obviously, the formation of PCDD, which contains two oxygen atoms, is stimulated by the presence of O 2 , compared with PCDF, which has only one oxygen atom (Addink and Olie, 1995).…”

Section: Technologies To Control Dioxin Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basically, de novo synthesis reaction is the oxidative breakdown and transformation of macromolecular carbon structures to aromatic compounds (Addink and Olie, 1995;Buekens et al, 2001). One part of these PCDD/Fs from de novo synthesis will remain in the solid phase and the other part will desorb to the gas phase and be carried by off-gas flow (Buekens et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the current state and main sources of dioxins around the world

Dopico

Gómez

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

109

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a group of dangerous compounds, emitted mostly from anthropogenic sources, that have negative effects on human health. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze the emission patterns of dioxins proceeding from different sources around the world, to observe the actual trend of the transmission of dioxins and furans into the atmosphere.For that reason, the main objective of the present document is to provide a general assessment about the dioxin problematic, analyzing the main parameters that influence the ambient concentration of dioxins worldwide, and describing the most characteristic features of the fingerprint from different sources, while making emphasis in the importance that non-industrial sources are gaining over the last years in front of the decreasing tendency of industrial sources. The description of the most important abatement technologies for dioxins is also included in this review.Implications: Given the negative effects of dioxins in human health, it is important to depict and locate the main sources of these dangerous compounds. Emissions proceeding from industrial facilities have decreased over the last years; however, other zones where nonindustrial sources used to be relevant contributors do not show the same decreasing tendency because it is more difficult to control this type of emissions. For that reason, future studies should focus on measuring and regulating this highly uncontrolled source of dioxins.

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Role of Oxygen in Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans from Carbon on Fly Ash

Cited by 80 publications

References 14 publications

Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Their Precursors in Fires of Pyrethroid Pesticide Alpha-Cypermethrin

Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Their Precursors in Fires of Pyrethroid Pesticide Alpha-Cypermethrin

Levels and Characteristic Homologue Patterns of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Various Incinerator Emissions and in Air Collected Near an Incinerator

Review of the current state and main sources of dioxins around the world

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