Quantitative Classification of Patina Conditions for Weathering Steel Using a Recently Developed Instrument

Kihira, Hiroshi; Murata, Tetsuhito

doi:10.5006/1.3577867

Cited by 32 publications

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“…In addition, the 3 rd NN peak positions in CR2W (WET) and CR2W (DRY) seem to be close to that in g-FeOOH, while the 3 rd NN peak position of CR15Y is near that in a-FeOOH. These results suggest that the Fe(O, OH) 6 network of the rust changes depending on corrosion conditions such as its atmosphere and exposing time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Experimental results were discussed on the basis of nano-structures of rusts and a new concept of "Fe(O, OH) 6 network" composed of octahedrons of FeO 6 octahedrons and intercalated hydrogen, is proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Their structures are composed of FeO 6 octahedrons and intercalated hydrogen. However, the atomic structures in actual rust formed on steel do not always keep the long-range order observed in crystals, because of small grain size and insufficient crystal growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to make clear the corrosion resistance mechanism, the atomic level structure of rust is of great interest. The rust mainly consists of iron oxyhydroxide, FeOOH, typically aFeOOH and g-FeOOH, [2][3][4][5][6] of which the crystalline structures are shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Nanostructure of Rusts Formed on Weathering Steel.

et al. 2002

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Nano-scale structures of rusts formed on the weathering steel surface were investigated. It has been shown that the key structure is an Fe(O, OH) 6 network, which is different from crystalline FeOOH. Atomic structures were analyzed quantitatively by a combination of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis including in situ observation under wet conditions, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that the Fe(O, OH) 6 network structure evolves in the process of corrosion and a small amount of alloying elements such as chromium modifies the evolution process and the final morphology of rust.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Nanostructure of Rusts Formed on Weathering Steel.

et al. 2002

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“…Typically, the corrosion rate of weathering steel in atmosphere is known to be considerably suppressed by a rust layer formed on the steel surface. Several conventional analytical methods, such as electron probe microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, have been applied, [1][2][3][4] in order to characterize the morphology and structure of rust formed on the steel surface. These results provided some interesting information on the composition and structure of rust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for Describing the Atomic-scale Structure of Rusts Formed on the Iron Based Alloy Surlaces.

et al. 2003

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Quantitative structural analysis by conventional X-ray diffraction and anomalous X-ray scattering coupled with the reverse Monte-Carlo simulation technique has been carried out, in order to characterize the atomicscale structure of rust formed on the surface of Fe, Fe-2 %Cr, Fe-3 %Ni and Fe-1.6 %Cu alloys and a weathering steel. Rust samples were prepared by filtering corrosion products formed on the surface of these alloys in salt water. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that main components of the rust consist of ferric oxyhydroxides such as g-FeOOH. Radial distribution functions obtained from both conventional X-ray diffraction and anomalous X-ray scattering clearly indicated that the fundamental local unit structure in the rust is the octahedral FeO 6 , although it is likely to be distorted. Realistic atomic arrangements in the rust were estimated by fitting of the ordinary and environmental interference functions calculated using the reverse Monte-Carlo simulation technique. These results provided that the network structure consists of the FeO 6 octahedral units and its distortion depend upon the composition of samples. These facts suggest that alloying elements in the rust, which themselves are corroded, play an important role in forming the atomic-scale structure of the rust.KEY WORDS: X-ray diffraction; reverse Monte-Carlo simulation; iron based alloys; weathering steel; rust; corrosion; atomic structure.alloys, containing chromium, nickel or copper, and weathering steel in salt water, because a few percents of these alloying elements are known to be added to iron based alloys in order to improve corrosion protection of steel. It has also been the focusing point of this work to reveal the network structure consisting of FeO 6 octahedral units and its distortion from the ideal case found in a typical ferric oxyhydroxide of g-FeOOH. This includes how the alloying elements affect on the structure of rust formed on the surface of various iron based alloys and steel. Experimental SamplesSamples of iron, iron-2.0 mass% chromium, iron-3.0 mass% nickel and iron-1.6 mass% copper alloys were prepared from pure iron, chromium and nickel by vacuum induction melting. 12) These samples were hereafter referred to as Fe, Fe-2 %Cr, Fe-3 %Ni and Fe-1.6 %Cu, respectively. A commercial weathering steel referred to as WS, of which the chemical composition is 0.10% C, 0.050% Si, 0.50% Mn, 0.096 % P, 0.016 % S, 0.15 % Ni and 0.56 % Cr in mass%, was also utilized. The iron based alloys and steel were shaped to10 mm square sheets of 1 mm in thickness. They were leached in artificial seawater with 2.5 mass% NaCl, 1.1 mass% MgCl 2 , 0.4 mass% Na 2 SO 4 and 0.07 mass% KCl at room temperature for about 15 days, so as to form colloidal corrosion products, from which powder rust samples were obtained by filtering. The structures of the corrosion products were almost independent of leaching time. Measurements And analysisConventional X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out using Cu Ka radiation, in order to identify constituents...

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Weathering Steel

Murata

2011

Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook

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A. Need for weathering steel B. History B1. Applications B2. Expansion of the use of weathering steels C. Alloying elements C1. Mechanistic aspects D. Monitoring rust films E. Design parameters F. Guidelines for bare weathering steel G. Advancement in weathering steel in the past decade G1. Life-cycle design specification for highway bridges G2. "Minimum-Maintenance" concept G3. Advanced weathering steel References A. NEED FOR WEATHERING STEELRecognition of global warming and environmental degradation has caused the direction of technology to shift toward environmentally conscious and sustainable development, with the result that increased efficiency in the use of limited resources is now a focus (e.g., recycling industrial materials). In addition, the environmental characteristics of industrial products, structures, and materials through their life cycles are being improved by life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14000s. Although LCA needs further improvement, it is a potentially useful methodology for systematically analyzing a product from the extraction of resources to eventual abandonment, including reuse, recycling, or disposal in terms of energy, in most cases, and materials, emissions of hazardous substances, and wastes.The LCA approach is being used to clarify quantitatively the important role of steel and steel products in our society in terms of their abundant resources, economic availability in large quantities, workability, reliability, reasonable life-cycle cost, relatively low environmental burden, and recycling possibilities.Structural steel is expected to remain as one of most environmentally friendly materials available in the twentyfirst century. In addition, the recent life-cycle study of automobiles, houses, bridges and so on conducted by the Engineering Academy of Japan has demonstrated that 7085% of the energy consumption by these products throughout their life cycle occurs during service period, rather than during production or product assembly [1]. This observation indicates that materials performance, durability, and reliability are key considerations in the design of a product or a structure for its life-cycle energy efficiency. Figure 48.1 shows an example of the framework for the systematic assessment of materials performance, including (a) life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis, (b) life-cycle safety (LCS) design, (c) LCA for energy and materials, and (d) diagnosis of life prediction based on the operating mechanisms.Our living environments consist mainly of freshwater, seawater, the atmosphere, and soil. These four categories include the environments in which the majority of structural steel products and large structures are exposed. Corrosion mechanisms of structural steels and the dominant corrosion parameters in these environments are discussed in other chapters. In this chapter, carbon and low-alloy structural steels resistant to atmospheric corrosion (i.e., weathering steels) are discussed. Weathering steels have been widely accepted i...

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Quantitative Classification of Patina Conditions for Weathering Steel Using a Recently Developed Instrument

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Characterization of Nanostructure of Rusts Formed on Weathering Steel.

Characterization of Nanostructure of Rusts Formed on Weathering Steel.

A New Method for Describing the Atomic-scale Structure of Rusts Formed on the Iron Based Alloy Surlaces.

Weathering Steel

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