The ΔHU-ρ(e) calibration line with a simple one-to-one correspondence would facilitate the construction of a well-calibrated ρ(e) image from acquired dual-kV images, and currently, second generation DSCT may be a feasible modality for the clinical use of the ΔHU-ρ(e) conversion method.

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Hillman NH, Polglase GR, Pillow JJ, Saito M, Kallapur SG, Jobe AH. Inflammation and lung maturation from stretch injury in preterm fetal sheep.

Organic light-emitting field-effect transistors, based on a p-bis[(p-styryl)styryl] benzene (P5V4) single crystal, that possess high mobilities of over 0.1 cm2/V s for both electrons and holes were fabricated. For a small charge injection barrier and successive formation of high exciton density in the carrier recombination zone, the hole accumulation threshold voltage was significantly reduced by interfacial hole doping based on electron transfer from P5V4 molecules to a molybdenum oxide layer. The threshold voltage for hole accumulation was drastically decreased from −80±3 to 2±3 V, leading to dual charge injection and accumulation of a very high current density of J>100 A cm−2 with intense edge electroluminescence.

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ABSTRACT:An attempt was made to disclose super-molecular structure and mechanical properties of new cellulose filament prepared from cellulose-aqueous alkali solution system. X-Ray crystallinity index Xc(X) of the new cellulose filament was far higher than those of other commercial rayons, such as viscose including polynosic and cupro and was slightly lower than the organic spun rayon. The new cellulose filament showed the lowest degree of crystal orientation among these three kinds of cellulose fibers, because of its lowest draft and stretching ratio during the spinning process. In the new filament degree of the intramolecular hydrogen bondings (I -Xam(C 3)) estimated by 13 C NMR method was highly developed. The mechanical loss tangent (tan '5) vs. temperature T curves of the new filament exhibited C( relaxation (from higher temperature side; 0( 2 , C(,h) attributed to micro-Brownian motion of the cellulose chains, two {3 ({3.1, {3. 2 ), local mode of the chains, and y, rotational mode of primary alcohol group at C6 position of pyranose rings, in the regions of T=250--100°C and -30--100°C, and near -I 00°C, respectively. Judging from the co relationships of these relaxation peak temperature T max to Xc(X) and I -Xam(C3), we concluded that there exist two amorphous regions with well-developed intramolecular hydrogen bonds but less advanced intermolecular hydrogen bonds and vice-versa in the new filament. The results of thermally stimulated currency (TSC) measurements suggested that the hydrophobic interaction among cellulose chains is tightly formed in the region with the well-developed intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In this regard, XTSc peak named here was found to correspond to mechanical relaxation C(sh· The tensile strength and elongation of the new filament were comparable to those of the regular viscose rayon. The new filament showed less swelling ratio and low fibrillation nature in water. Woven fabrics made from the filament gave some softness and high abrasion, compared with other commercial ones and were hard to wrinkle.KEY WORDS Alkali Soluble Cellulose / Filament / Supermolecular Structure / X-Ray Crystallinity / Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds/ Viscoelastic Properties/ Mechanical Properties/ Woven Fabrics/ Authors have already established an improved cellulose dissolving technology (two step slurry method) using so-called steam-exploded pulp with average particle size of ca. 10 µm and aqueous (aq) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with total concentration of ca. 7.6 wt¾, 1 based on the discovery that exploded pulp could be dissolved into aq NaOH with a specific concentration. 2 -4 In addition, all sulfite pulp, of which the degree of intramolecular hydrogen bond is always lowered by steam-explosion, has been proved to be useful as industrial resource for the above usage. 5 On the basis of the above technology authors have succeeded in manufacturing a new cellulose filament by establishing the industrially meaningful wet-spinning method (that is, the net-process where no spinning tension generates theo...

ABSTRACT:The effects of the total degree of substitution {F)) and average-molecular weight on glass transition temperature (Tg), melting point (Tm) and the onset point of thermal decomposition (Tctl for cellulose acetate (CA) solids were studied using DSC, TG, and X-ray diffractometry. Fractionated and whole CA polymers with {F)) of 0.49, 1.75, 2.46, and 2.92 were used. All whole and fractionated CA showed Tg. Tg of CA fractions do not depend on averagemolecular weight significantly, except for CA(2.92) (the number in parentheses denotes {F))). Tg of CA fractions increases monotonously with a decrease in {F)) as follows Tg(K) = 523-20.3{F))

Inflammation is a protective response mediated by both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system following exposure to a range of harmful stimuli. Although inflammation is an essential mechanism in response to challenges including tissue injury and microbiological insult, inappropriate or excessive induction of the inflammatory response is itself a well-characterized cause of morbidity and mortality in adult populations. There is currently a growing appreciation of the potential for inflammation to play an adverse role in fetal health. The expression of cytokines (notably interleukin 1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) by either the fetal or maternal tissues has been demonstrated to upregulate the activity of a number of uterine and cervical factors (eg, prostaglandin hormones and their receptors, matrix metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), leading to premature initiation of the parturition process. Herein, we review important developments in our understanding of the link between preterm birth and fetal inflammation subsequent to infection, gained from studies undertaken in animal models.