Quantifying the contribution of wind farms to distribution network reliability

Abstract

The reliability of power supply to distribution network customers can be increased by embedded generation, including wind farms. The value of this increase in reliability needs to be evaluated, and national standards such as the Great Britain security of supply standard P2/6 seek to do so. This paper appraises the capacity credit evaluation methodology in P2/6 and outlines an alternative methodology to integrate generation with load more effectively, taking into account the topology, loading and reliability of the surrounding network. It concludes that under certain circumstances, the presence of embedded wind generation can allow the deferral of costly network reinforcement projects but that the time for which reinforcement can reasonably be deferred is a function not only of the generators themselves but also of the surrounding network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Research on Distribution Network Reliability Investment Estimation Method Based on Sequence Linearization Correlation Analysis

“…After collecting the statistical values of reliability index and business index in the last 3 ~ 5 years, build a continuous linearized correlation equation as shown in equation (6).…”

“…Reference [5] presents a method to optimize the loop-based microgrid structure in an active distribution network. Reference [6] focus on contribution of wind farms to distribution network reliability. Reference [7] uses a minimal path based algorithm to compute the reliability of stochastic distribution network to balance reliability and delivery cost.…”

Reliability evaluation of power system incorporating wind farm for generation expansion planning based on ANLSA approach

“…Blake et al have outlined an alternative methodology to integrate generation with load using capacity credit evaluation methodology in P2/6. It additionally diagrams the capacity credit evaluation procedure in P2/6.…”

Review on methodological and normative advances in assessment and estimation of wind energy

“…91 Currently International Standard IEC 61400–12-1:2005(E), part 12–1 92 is used in combination with others as reference for the measurements and performance tests of wind turbine generators (WTGs) for the generation of electrical energy. Other methodologies typically found in the literature on matters of reliability of the electrical power output of the WTG and wind farms include autoregressive moving-average (ARMA models, Markov chain model, moving-average models, normal distribution and other indices that will be discussed in more detail below, 93 ARMA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers-Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) were used by Billinton and Gao, 94 for power supply to the distribution grid by means of the capacity credit evaluation methodology from P2/6 (standard in Great Britain), 95 and using a hierarchical framework analysis of system security and adequacy, 96 among others. However, in IEC, 92 there is no information about specific standards for the assessment or estimation of the wind resource in a specific site prior to the construction of a wind farm.…”

“…These indices are often employed in conventional electrical PS, the standard reliability test system is the IEEE-RTS, as a reference and simulation model. The most common indices used are as follows 94,114–116 : loss of load expectation (LOLE), measured in hours per year; capacity outage probability table; load duration curve; forced outage rate (FOR); loss of energy expectation, measured in MWh/year; frequency of loss of load (FLOL), measured occurrence/year; duration per interruption, measured hour/occurrence; load not supplied per interruption, MW per occurrence; energy not supplied interruption, MWh/occurrence, 93,95 , time to fail (TTF) and Bayesian Network (BN), 117,118 , yearly interruption cost, interruption energy assessment rate; 96,119,120 expected generated wind energy 120,121 among others: wind generation interrupted energy benefit, wind generation interrupted cost benefit, equivalent capacity rate and load carrying capacity benefit ratio.…”