Quantification of Tannis in Birdsfoot Trefoil Germplasm

Roberts, Craig; Beuselinck, P. R.; Ellersieck, Mark R.; Davis, David K.; McGraw, Robert

doi:10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300040005x

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…In this study, seedling year herbage CT concentration varied little from the June to August harvest dates at both locations ( Figure 1) . The following year, herbage samples were available from multiple harvests only at one location and the CT concentration was lowest at the May harvest date, highest at the July harvest date, and declined to an intermediate level at the August sampling date, consistent with the observations of Roberts et al (1993) . In this study, a location x population interaction was detected, but crossover interactions were not observed and the differences between locations for mean population CT concentration were small (0 .6, 3 .1, and 7.3 ± 1 .3 g CE kg-1 DM for the low-tannin, parental, and high-tannin populations, respectively) .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In this study, maturity effects were minimized by uniformly harvesting herbage samples in the late bud to early flower stage . In another study, herbage CT concentration decreased from July to September in birdsfoot trefoil accessions grown at two locations (Roberts et al ., 1993) . In this study, seedling year herbage CT concentration varied little from the June to August harvest dates at both locations ( Figure 1) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…from 120 plants per population was sampled at each harvest date within a location, presumably the observed variation in-CT concentration is due to environmental effects as has been reported previously in Lotus spp . (Barry & Forss, 1983 ;LeGare et al ., 1991 ;Kelman & Tanner, 1990 ;Roberts et al . 1993) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil: Genetic relationships with forage yield and quality in NC-83 germplasm

Miller

Ehlke

1995

Euphytica

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Genetic relationships of condensed tannins (CT) with other forage quality parameters have not been adequately studied in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L .) . The objectives were to bidirectionally select for CT concentration in birdsfoot trefoil to determine selection response and to create populations for examination of genetic relationships of CT with forage quality parameters, principally lignin . High-and low-tannin parental clones were selected from NC-83 birdsfoot trefoil germplasm and intercrossed to produce Syn1 populations . Herbage samples, harvested for two years at two locations, were analyzed from high-tannin, low-tannin, and parental populations for CT concentration, herbage yield, and forage quality parameters . The mean condensed tannin concentrations in the high-and low-tannin populations were 69 .3 ± 0 .8 and 21 .1 ± 0 .8 g catechin equivalent (CE) kg -1 dry matter (DM) compared with 36 .4 ± 0 .8 g CE kg -1 DM in the parental population . The selection response exhibited a quadratic relationship, with selection for increased CT concentration more effective than for reduced CT concentration . Compared with the parental population, acid detergent lignin (ADL) was higher, and crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations were lower for the high-tannin population and the converse was true for the low-tannin population . Lignin concentration was positively correlated with CT concentration (r9 = 0 .66 P < 0 .01) .Abbreviations : ADF -acid detergent fiber ; ADL -acid detergent lignin ; CP -crude protein ; CT -condensed tannins ; IVDDM -in vitro digestible dry matter; NDF -neutral detergent fiber ; NIRS -near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil: Genetic relationships with forage yield and quality in NC-83 germplasm

Miller

Ehlke

1995

Euphytica

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“…The accumulated experimental evidence for and against the so-called plant defense theory [15][16][17][18] is equivocal 19,20 and its usefulness for the practical application in agronomy disputable 14 . Previous studies of seasonal fluctuations of tannin concentrations in forage plants yielded conflicting results 14,[21][22][23][24] and mechanisms driving seasonal and developmental dynamics of tannin concentrations under field conditions are not yet well understood. Based on an experiment with potted Onobrychis viciifolia and Lotus corniculatus, it has been suggested that fluctuations in condensed tannin concentrations in harvestable aboveground biomass are functions of biomass proportions between tannin-rich leaves and tannin-poor stems in pure stands, and of biomass proportions between tanniferous and non-tanniferous plant species in mixed stands 14 .…”

Section: Plant Sciences and Forage Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tanniferous forage plants: Agronomic performance, palatability and efficacy against parasitic nematodes in sheep

Häring

Scharenberg

Heckendorn

et al. 2008

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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Tanniferous forage plants can have beneficial effects on ruminant productivity and health (improved protein supply, bloat safety and antiparasitic properties). However, condensed tannins can also lower palatability, voluntary feed intake and digestibility. The aim of our interdisciplinary project was to generate basic knowledge on plant management, feed palatability and the antiparasitic properties of tanniferous forage plants for their practical application in agronomy, focusing on their usefulness in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in organic farming. We found that Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) and Cichorium intybus (chicory) were suitable for cultivation under the given temperate climatic conditions, whereas Lotus pedunculatus (big trefoil) was soon outcompeted by unsown species. Growing the tanniferous plant species in a mixture with Festuca pratensis (meadow fescue) rather than in a monoculture had the advantage of increasing total dry matter (DM) yield (especially in the case of tanniferous legumes) and of reducing the DM proportions of unsown species. However, due to dilution by non-tanniferous F. pratensis, the tannin concentrations of mixtures were clearly lower and the seasonal fluctuations in tannin concentrations greater than that of monocultures. Across species, tannin concentrations were highest for O. viciifolia, followed by L. corniculatus and very low for C. intybus. Palatability of all tanniferous forages was comparable to that of a ryegrass/clover mixture when fed as dried forage and, when offered as silage, palatability of O. viciifolia was clearly superior to that of the respective ryegrass/clover control. Administration of dried or ensiled O. viciifolia reduced parasite egg counts in feces of lambs co-infected with the gastrointestinal nematode species Haemonchus contortus and Cooperia curticei. We conclude that O. viciifolia is the most promising among the tested tanniferous forage plant species due to its suitability for cultivation, its high tannin concentration, its high palatability and its antiparasitic activity even in dried or ensiled form.

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“…Given the errors of conventional laboratory assays for these poorly de®ned compounds these levels of accuracy may well be the best achievable. However, there is no reason to suspect that other types of tannin analyses would not yield calibrations that are satisfactory for most ecological studies (Roberts et al 1993).…”

Section: Plant Secondary Metabolites and Anti-nutritional Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological applications of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy - a tool for rapid, cost-effective prediction of the composition of plant and animal tissues and aspects of animal performance

Foley¹,

McIlwee

Lawler³

et al. 1998

Oecologia

434

339

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Many ecological studies rely heavily on chemical analysis of plant and animal tissues. Often, there is limited time and money to perform all the required analyses and this can result in less than ideal sampling schemes and poor levels of replication. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can relieve these constraints because it can provide quick, non-destructive and quantitative analyses of an enormous range of organic constituents of plant and animal tissues. Near infrared spectra depend on the number and type of C[Formula: see text]H, N[Formula: see text]H and O[Formula: see text]H bonds in the material being analyzed. The spectral features are then combined with reliable compositional or functional analyses of the material in a predictive statistical model. This model is then used to predict the composition of new or unknown samples. NIRS can be used to analyze some specific elements (indirectly - e.g., N as protein) or well-defined compounds (e.g., starch) or more complex, poorly defined attributes of substances (e.g., fiber, animal food intake) have also been successfully modeled with NIRS technology. The accuracy and precision of the reference values for the calibration data set in part determines the quality of the predictions made by NIRS. However, NIRS analyses are often more precise than standard laboratory assays. The use of NIRS is not restricted to the simple determination of quantities of known compounds, but can also be used to discriminate between complex mixtures and to identify important compounds affecting attributes of interest. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy is widely accepted for compositional and functional analyses in agriculture and manufacturing but its utility has not yet been recognized by the majority of ecologists conducting similar analyses. This paper aims to stimulate interest in NIRS and to illustrate some of the enormous variety of uses to which it can be put. We emphasize that care must be taken in the calibration stage to prevent propagation of poor analytical work through NIRS, but, used properly, NIRS offers ecologists enormous analytical power.

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Quantification of Tannis in Birdsfoot Trefoil Germplasm

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil: Genetic relationships with forage yield and quality in NC-83 germplasm

Condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil: Genetic relationships with forage yield and quality in NC-83 germplasm

Tanniferous forage plants: Agronomic performance, palatability and efficacy against parasitic nematodes in sheep

Ecological applications of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy - a tool for rapid, cost-effective prediction of the composition of plant and animal tissues and aspects of animal performance

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