Condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil: Genetic relationships with forage yield and quality in NC-83 germplasm

Miller, Perry R.; Ehlke, Nancy

doi:10.1007/bf00037123

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Total CP concentration found for samples of both T1 Lc 1,3,4 -alfalfa and NT 1,3,4 -alfalfa was within the same range reported earlier (22.6 to 27.4% DM) for freezedried alfalfa forage harvested at a vegetative stage of growth (Elizalde et al 1999;Gonza´lez et al 2001;Wang et al 2006b (Barry and Manley 1984;Grabber 2009a;Miller and Ehlke 1995). The T 0 Lc alfalfa parent genotypes that accumulated AC had also a numerically lower CP content of 8.5 g kg…”

Section: Survival and Anthocyanidin Content Of Lc-alfalfasupporting

confidence: 86%

Nutrient composition and degradation profiles of anthocyanidin-accumulating Lc-alfalfa populations

Jonker¹,

Gruber²,

McCaslin³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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P. 2010. Nutrient composition and degradation profiles of anthocyanidin-accumulating Lc-alfalfa populations. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 401Á412. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most used forages in the world but suffers the disadvantage of having poor protein utilization by the animal. The poor protein utilization is the result of excessive ruminal protein degradation, which might be reduced by the protein precipitating capacity of anthocyanidin (AC) and condensed tannins (CT). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the Lc-transgene on survival, anthocyanidin, condensed tannin and chemical profiles in crossed populations of western Canadian-adapted Lc-alfalfa. These were compared with their nontransgenic (NT) parental varieties, Rangelander, Rambler, and Beaver. Lc-alfalfa forage accumulated enhanced amounts of anthocyanidin, with an average concentration of 197.4 mg g(1 DM, while condensed tannins were not detected. Both of these metabolites were absent in the NT parental varieties. Lc-alfalfa had a lower (24.8 vs. 27.3% DM; PB0.02) crude protein (CP) and higher (58.3 vs. 55.5% DM; P B0.01) carbohydrate (CHO) concentration, which resulted in their decreased (P B0.01) N:CHO ratio (68.1 vs. 79.2 g kg ) compared with NT alfalfa. Slowly degradable N:CHO ratio was decreased by 5.9 g kg (1 (P B0.03) and total rumen-degradable N:CHO ratio was decreased by 12.9 g kg (1 (PB0.03) in Lc-alfalfa compared with NT alfalfa. In conclusion, Lc-gene transformation resulted in the accumulation of anthocyanidin, decreased total protein content, increased total carbohydrate content and improved the balance between nitrogen and carbohydrates in the crossed transgenic populations of western Canadian-adapted alfalfa compared to their NT western Canadian parental alfalfa varieties. La luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) est une des plantes fourrage`res les plus utilise´es dans le monde, cependant elle souffre du fait que les animaux assimilent mal ses prote´ines. Cette pie`tre assimilation re´sulte de l'excessive de´gradation de ses prote´ines dans le rumen, une de´gradation que pourrait freiner le pouvoir de pre´cipitation des prote´ines de l'anthocyanidine et des tanins condense´s. L'e´tude devait pre´ciser les effets du transge`ne Lc sur la re´sistance des prote´ines et la concentration 6

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Section: Survival and Anthocyanidin Content Of Lc-alfalfasupporting

confidence: 86%

Nutrient composition and degradation profiles of anthocyanidin-accumulating Lc-alfalfa populations

Jonker¹,

Gruber²,

McCaslin³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…These ranges for CT concentration are consistent with previous reports (Barry and Manley 1986;Lowther et al 1987;Chiquette et al 1988;Kelman and Tanner 1990;Roberts et al 1993;Miller and Ehlke 1996).…”

Section: Condensed Tanninssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The negative correlation coefficient for CT concentration and herbage yield was small and in close agreement with an earlier report by Miller and Ehlke (1996), and in general agreement with Barry and Forss (1983) investigating another Lotus spp. In that study, Barry and Forss found that as forage yield For personal use only.…”

Section: Condensed Tanninssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Environmental effects are known to influence herbage CT concentration (Donnelly 1959;Barry and Forss 1983;Windham et al 1988;Roberts et al 1993;Miller and Ehlke 1996). Miller and Ehlke (1996) observed both location × population and harvest × population interaction although relative differences among the three birdsfoot trefoil populations remained constant at for all harvests at all locations. Roberts et al (1993) reported G × E interaction for herbage CT concentration among 97 diverse accessions of L. corniculatus grown in field environments (Roberts et al 1993).…”

Section: Quantitative Genetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Inheritance of condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil

Miller

Ehlke

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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tannins in birdsfoot trefoil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 587-593. Neither the inheritance of condensed tannins (CT) in tannin-positive birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), nor the quantitative genetic analysis of CT concentration in a forage legume have been previously reported. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of CT concentration in tannin-positive birdsfoot trefoil. High-, medium-, and low-tannin parents were selected from NC-83 birdsfoot trefoil germplasm and intercrossed in two independent six-parent diallel sets to generate progenies for quantitative genetic analyses. Maturity, herbage yield, leaf fraction (LF) and CT concentration were analyzed for 1067 individual F 1 plants from 30 progenies in both diallel sets. Mean CT concentrations of the 30 progenies ranged from 6.1 to 93.4 g catechin equivalent (CE) kg -1 DM. General combining ability (GCA):specific combining ability (SCA) ratios of 0.93 and 1.0 were observed for CT concentration in both diallel sets, at or near the theoretical maximum of unity, indicating a predominance of additive genetic effects for CT concentration. Specific combining ability effects were detected in one diallel set where 3 of 15 progenies exhibited significant SCA effects. The evidence from this study indicated that CT concentration in birdsfoot trefoil was controlled primarily by additive genetic effects. Birdsfoot trefoil herbage contains CT that reacts with protein to play an important role in ruminant nutrition. Reduced protein degradation during ruminal digestion and the belief that CT prevents bloat are positive features associated with increased CT concentration, while reduced intake and and dry matter digestion are negative features (McLeod 1974;Reid et al. 1974;Kumar and Singh 1984). In order to capitalize on the positive associations of CT concentration with ruminant nutrition such as bloat prevention and protein protection, investigation of the genetic control of CT is warranted. Previous genetic studies indicated that CT was inherited qualitatively in birdsfoot trefoil. In the greenhouse, Dalyrymple et al. (1984) crossed two tannin-positive with two tannin-negative parents and studied segregation ratios in the F 2 and BC 1 generations derived from six selfcompatible F 1 plants. The vanillin-HCl leaf-imprint scoring technique of Sarkar and Howarth (1976) was used; where 0 = no colour reaction and 5 = an intense colour reaction. Plants scoring 0 or 1 were considered to be tannin-negative while all other plants were grouped into the tannin-positive category. Segregation of data into these two categories showed genetic control of the CT trait to be disomic, nuclear, dominant, and single-gene. Ross and Jones (1983) crossed one tannin-negative plant with another tanninnegative plant and a tannin-positive plant and studied 587 Mention of a specific trademark does not imply endorsement by the University of Minnesota.Abbreviations: CE, catechin equivalent; CT, condensed tannins; GCA, general combining ability; LF, leaf fraction; NIRS, near infr...

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“…Analysis of forage from L. corniculatus produced from NC-83 germplasm selected for high (69 g kg -1 DM) or low (21 g kg -1 DM) CT concentration revealed that acid detergent lignin was 3.5% higher and crude protein and in vitro digestible dry matter were 3.8 and 3.5% lower, respectively, in the high tannin population, while herbage yields were similar (Miller and Ehlke 1996). Higher lignin associated with increased CT concentrations was also observed in L. pedunculatus (Barry and Manley 1984).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Condensed Tanninmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle

McMahon¹,

McAllister²,

Berg³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

239

178

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[469][470][471][472][473][474][475][476][477][478][479][480][481][482][483][484][485]. Condensed tannins (CT) are polyphenolic secondary plant products that are widespread in the plant kingdom. By definition, CT bind to protein and are regarded as "antinutritional" compounds which reduce protein digestibility. Variations in CT chemistry alter protein binding capacities among polymers from different plant species and developmental stages. Condensed tannins interact with proteins in feed, saliva and microbial cells, with microbial exoenzymes, and with endogenous proteins or other feed components, which alters digestive processes as compared with diets free of CT. Tannin levels exceeding 40 to 50 g kg -1 DM in forages may reduce protein and DM digestibility of the forages by ruminants. At low to moderate levels, CT increase the quantity of dietary protein, especially essential amino acids, flowing to the small intestine. Unlike alfalfa, legumes that contain CT do not cause bloat. Dietary CT may provide a means to beneficially manipulate protein digestion and/or prevent pasture bloat in ruminants. Research efforts are also currently being directed to genetically modify alfalfa to de-repress its CT biosynthetic pathway, or to move genes encoding steps of this pathway into alfalfa from other legumes. The effects of CT in forage legumes on digestion in ruminants and the potential use of tannin-rich forages for preventing bloat in grazing systems are discussed. Les tanins condensés (TC) sont des substances secondaires polyphénoliques répandues dans le règne végétal. Par essence fixés aux protéines, ils sont considérés comme substances antinutritionnelles qui réduisent la digestibilité des protéines. Leur constitution chimique, et par conséquent leur aptitude à se fixer aux protéines, fluctue selon la nature et le stade de croissance des espèces végétales. Les tanins condensés interagissent avec les protéines dans les aliments du bétail, dans la salive et dans les cellules microbiennes; avec les exoenzymes microbiens et avec les protéines endogènes ou avec d'autres composants des aliments du bétail, modifiant ainsi le processus de la digestion par rapport aux aliments sans TC. Des teneurs en tanins de plus de 40 à 50 g kg -1 m.s. dans les fourrages peuvent abaisser la digestibilité des protéines et de la matière sèche chez les ruminants. À des niveaux faibles à moyens, les TC accroissent le flux de protéines alimentaires, en particulier celui des acides aminés essentiels, vers l'intestin grêle. À la différence de la luzerne, les légumineuses qui contiennent des TC ne provoquent pas le météorisme. L'apport de TC dans l'alimentation des animaux peut être un moyen de manipuler positivement la digestion des protéines ou de prévenir le météorisme chez les ruminants au pâturage. Les recherches s'orientent également ves la modification génétique de la luzerne pour contrer l'inhibition de la biosynthèse des TC ou pour introduire dans l'espèce, à partir d'autres légumineuses, des gènes codant pour certaines étapes de cette voie....

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Condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil: Genetic relationships with forage yield and quality in NC-83 germplasm

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Nutrient composition and degradation profiles of anthocyanidin-accumulating Lc-alfalfa populations

Nutrient composition and degradation profiles of anthocyanidin-accumulating Lc-alfalfa populations

Inheritance of condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil

A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle

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