Inheritance of condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil

Miller, Perry R.; Ehlke, Nancy

doi:10.4141/p96-081

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…can be altered through breeding and selection. Miller and Ehlke (1997) determined that CT concentration was controlled mainly by additive genetic effects in tannin‐positive populations, and mass selection would be effective in increasing or decreasing herbage CT concentration. Unlike birdsfoot trefoil, which is a tetraploid, both ARS‐1221 and ARS‐1207 are diploids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations in Condensed Tannin Concentration of Three Lotus Species

Gebrehiwot

Beuselinck²,

Roberts

2002

Agronomy Journal

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High concentrations of CTs depress voluntary feed intake, digestive efficiency, and animal productivity (Barry Condensed tannins (CTs) are commonly found in herbage of Lotus and Duncan, 1984;Aerts et al., 1999). High CT concenspp. and can have beneficial or detrimental effects on feed value and animal performance. Our objectives were to (i) determine the level tration is also associated with high lignin, low crude of CT concentration and its seasonal variations in three widely grown protein, and low in vitro digestible dry matter (DM) Lotus spp.; (ii) assess the distribution of CTs in leaves, stems, and concentration (Miller and Ehlke, 1994). On the other flowers; and (iii) determine if herbage of greenhouse-grown Lotus hand, low to moderate concentration of CTs have benespp. contains CT concentrations with equivalent rank to field-grown ficial effects on livestock. Condensed tannins reduce plants. Field herbage samples were taken in spring, summer, and bloat and increase protein absorption in grazing rumifall and analyzed for CTs by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy nants (McLeod, 1974). Protein in forage legumes is often (NIRS). Herbage of big trefoil (L. uliginosus Schkur.) germplasm poorly utilized by ruminants because of extensive degra-ARS-1221 and narrowleaf trefoil (L. glaber Mill.) germplasm ARS-1207 had the greatest and lowest CT concentrations averaging 154 dation in the rumen. Condensed tannins facilitate the and 8 g catechin equivalent (CE) kg Ϫ1 dry matter (DM), respectively. bypass of protein that might otherwise be lost through The birdsfoot trefoil (L. corniculatus L.) cultivar ARS-2620 had a microbial deamination in the rumen (Barry et al., 1986; greater CT concentration than 'Norcen', but both had moderate CT Tanner et al., 1994). This bypass is made possible by levels averaging 39 and 23 g CE kg Ϫ1 DM, respectively. Herbage CT reactive components of CTs, which complex with soluconcentration of Norcen, ARS-2620, and ARS-1221 was higher in ble proteins, making them insoluble at rumen pH (pH spring and summer compared with fall while that of ARS-1207 was 5.8-6.8) but soluble and released at the more extreme low in spring, summer, and fall. Generally, stems had less CT than pH conditions found in the abomasum (pH 2.5-3.5) and leaves and flowers, but there was no detectable CTs in stems of ARS-1207. The rankings of the four entries for herbage CT concentration small intestine (pH 7.5-8.5) (Barry and Manley, 1984). in the greenhouse and field were the same. This is the first report of This process increases the absorption of essential amino CT concentrations for the germplasms ARS-1221 and ARS-1207, acids in the small intestine (Waghorn et al., 1987). It has which are suitable candidates for genetic improvement to develop been shown that moderate CT concentrations increased cultivars with desirable CT levels.lactation, wool growth, and live weight gain, without reducing voluntary feed intake (Aerts et al., 1999). Condensed tannins can also improve animal health by over-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations in Condensed Tannin Concentration of Three Lotus Species

Gebrehiwot

Beuselinck²,

Roberts

2002

Agronomy Journal

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“…They reported that PA inheritance in this plant species is controlled by a single dominant gene, inherited disomically. Conversely, on performing diallel crosses between L. corniculatus plants with high, medium and low PA levels, Miller & Ehke [ 47 ] observed that PA concentration is controlled primarily by additive genetic effects and proposed the role of major genes with complementary gene action to explain the non additive genetic effects in one diallel set. Here we show that, irrespective of the direction of the cross, the hybrids produced by crossing L. tenuis x L. corniculatus accumulate PAs, in both leaves and stems, to levels which are intermediate between the parents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lotus tenuis x L. corniculatus interspecific hybridization as a means to breed bloat-safe pastures and gain insight into the genetic control of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in legumes

et al. 2014

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BackgroundProanthocyanidins (PAs) are secondary metabolites that strongly affect plant quality traits. The concentration and the structure of these metabolites influence the palatability and nutritional value of forage legumes. Hence, modulating PAs in the leaves of forage legumes is of paramount relevance for forage breeders worldwide. The lack of genetic variation in the leaf PA trait within the most important forage species and the difficulties in engineering this pathway via the ectopic expression of regulatory genes, prompted us to pursue alternative strategies to enhance this trait in forage legumes of agronomic interest. The Lotus genus includes forage species which accumulate PAs in edible organs and can thus be used as potential donor parents in breeding programs.ResultsWe recovered a wild, diploid and PA-rich population of L. corniculatus and crossed with L. tenuis. The former grows in an alkaline-salty area in Spain while the latter is a diploid species, grown extensively in South American pastures, which does not accumulate PAs in the herbage. The resulting interspecific hybrids displayed several traits of outstanding agronomic relevance such as rhizome production, PA levels in edible tissues sufficient to prevent ruminal bloating (around 5 mg of PAs/g DW), biomass production similar to the cultivated parent and potential for adaptability to marginal lands. We show that PA levels correlate with expression levels of the R2R3MYB transcription factor TT2 and, in turn, with those of the key structural genes of the epicatechin and catechin biosynthetic pathways leading to PA biosynthesis.ConclusionsThe L. tenuis x L. corniculatus hybrids, reported herein, represent the first example of the introgression of the PA trait in forage legumes to levels known to provide nutritional and health benefits to ruminants. Apart from PAs, the hybrids have additional traits which may prove useful to breed forage legumes with increased persistence and adaptability to marginal conditions. Finally, our study suggests the hybrids and their progeny are an invaluable tool to gain a leap forward in our understanding of the genetic control of PA biosynthesis and tolerance to stresses in legumes.

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“…Following a seed increase in 2001, populations of NC-83 BFT with low CT (LBFT), normal (NBFT), and high (HBFT) concentrations of CT (Miller and Ehlke, 1997) were planted on April 17, 2002, at an average seeding rate of 10.3 kg/ha. The RC variety Marathon and the alfalfa varieties Forecast 1001 and Rebound 4.2 were planted around April 11 and April 24, 2002, at average seeding rates of 14.6 and 16.8 kg/ha, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing alfalfa or red clover silage with birdsfoot trefoil silage in total mixed rations increases production of lactating dairy cows1

Hymes-Fecht

Broderick

Muck

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to compare milk production and nutrient utilization in dairy cattle fed silage made from alfalfa (AL) or red clover (RC) versus birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) selected for low, normal, and high levels of condensed tannins. Condensed tannin contents of the 3 BFT silages were 8, 12, and 16 g/kg of DM by butanol-HCl assay. Twenty-five multiparous Holstein cows (5 fitted with ruminal cannulas) were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned within blocks to incomplete 5×5 Latin squares. Diets contained [dry matter (DM) basis] about 60% AL, 50% RC, or 60% of 1 of the 3 BFT; the balance of dietary DM was largely from high-moisture corn plus supplemental crude protein from soybean meal. Diets were balanced to approximately 17% crude protein and fed for four 3-wk periods; 2 wk were allowed for adaptation and production data were collected during the last week of each period. No differences existed in DM intake or milk composition due to silage source, except that milk protein content was lowest for RC. Yields of milk, energy-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat were greater for the 3 BFT diets than for diets containing AL or RC. Feeding BFT with the highest condensed tannin content increased yield of milk, protein, and solids-not-fat compared with BFT containing the lowest amount of condensed tannin. Moreover, milk-N/N-intake was higher, and milk urea nitrogen concentration and urinary urea-N excretion were lower for diets with normal levels of BFT than for AL or RC diets. Feeding RC resulted in the highest apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose and lowest ruminal concentrations of ammonia and free amino acids. Ruminal branched-chain volatile fatty acid levels were lowest for RC diets and diets with high levels of BFT and highest for the AL diet. Overall, diets containing BFT silage supported greater production than diets containing silage from AL or RC. The results indicated that feeding BFT or other legume silages containing condensed tannins can enhance performance and N utilization in lactating dairy cows.

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Inheritance of condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Seasonal Variations in Condensed Tannin Concentration of Three Lotus Species

Seasonal Variations in Condensed Tannin Concentration of Three Lotus Species

Lotus tenuis x L. corniculatus interspecific hybridization as a means to breed bloat-safe pastures and gain insight into the genetic control of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in legumes

Replacing alfalfa or red clover silage with birdsfoot trefoil silage in total mixed rations increases production of lactating dairy cows1

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