Quantification of results for estimating elemental dietary intakes of lithium, rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, vanadium and silver

Abstract

Quantification of recorded results must establish the integrity of individual results while at the same time ensuring that information derived from such results is not degraded. Daily dietary intake values have been calculated from arithmetic results obtained for ten diets of the UK total diet survey for six elements in three to five different ways. Quantifying arithmetic results from zero upwards in intervals defined by 68% confidence intervals has been shown to give comparable means for the homogenate groups of the ten diets with means obtained from the recorded arithmetic results for homogenate groups of the ten diets. Even when as many as 90% of the arithmetic results of an elemental survey are below the limit of detection of results for an element, the maximum difference in the derived daily dietary intake is 3% between that calculated from arithmetic results and that from results quantified by 68% confidence intervals. The best estimate for the intakes obtained for lithium, rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, vanadium and silver in this exercise are listed.

Content of strontium, lithium and calcium in selected milk products and in some marine smoked fish

“…In the Commins article [16] we have found that in U.K. the mean daily intake of Sr from food (excluding water) was about 0.86 mg and Li 0.11 mg/person. Later data published by Evans et al [17] indicate that the daily intake of Sr (1.3 mg) was similar to that published in the WHO manuscript but Li intake was more than half of that of WHO [15]. These authors give also results of Li, Sr and some other minerals in different foods.…”

“…They found lithium contents in milk of about 0.002 and in fish of about 0.022 mg/kg, for Sr in milk about 0.22 mg/kg and in fish A 2.7 mg/kg. The mean Li level in our samples of fermented milk products is many times higher (0.07 mg/kg), as well as the mean Li level in smoked fish, about five times (0.11 l 0.08 mg/kg) of those presented by Evans et al, while Sr levels in both of these groups of foods are more close to that published by Evans et al In the fermented milk products Sr amounted [17].…”

“…We used two original papers [17,18] contained detailed data pertainig to the Li contents in different food classes. Roques et al [10] in their review concerning the role of Li as probable essential element in human nutrition quote data originating from the Evans paper.…”

Vanadium

“…A daily dietary vanadium intake of 10 mg or less would most likely meet any postulated normal requirement (Anke et al 1989, 1998d, Nielsen 1997, 1998 (Myron et al 1978, Byrne and Kucera 1991, Byrne and Kosta 1978, Evans et al 1985, Pennington and Jones 1987.…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Vanadium

“…Total diet studies resulted in an average intake of 13 µg/day in the UK (Evans et al, 1985) and an estimated dietary intake in the range of 6-18 µg/day for different age-sex-groups of adults and 6.5-11 µg/day for infants, children, and adolescents in the USA (Pennington and Jones, 1987).…”