Quantification of age-related shape change of the human rib cage through geometric morphometrics

Gayzik, F. Scott; Yu, Mao M.; Danelson, Kerry A.; Slice, Dennis E.; Stitzel, Joel D.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.02.006

Cited by 91 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…A radial basis function interpolation using a thin-plate spline basis function was used to morph an existing FE model to specific ages and sexes. Consistent with previous literature, the 70-YO models possess increased thoracic kyphosis, as shown in Figure 2, due to the covariance of rib geometry and spine posture (Gayzik et al 2008;). In addition, Figure 2 shows the increased roundedness as well as the upward rotation of ribs, which influences the biomechanical response of the thorax.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Age- and Sex-Specific Thorax Finite Element Model Development and Simulation

Schoell

Weaver

Vavalle

et al. 2015

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective:The shape, size, bone density, and cortical thickness of the thoracic skeleton vary significantly with age and sex, which can affect the injury tolerance, especially in at-risk populations such as the elderly. Computational modeling has emerged as a powerful and versatile tool to assess injury risk. However, current computational models only represent certain ages and sexes in the population. The purpose of this study was to morph an existing finite element (FE) model of the thorax to depict thorax morphology for males and females of ages 30 and 70 years old (YO) and to investigate the effect on injury risk.Methods: Age-and sex-specific FE models were developed using thin-plate spline interpolation. In order to execute the thin-plate spline interpolation, homologous landmarks on the reference, target, and FE model are required. An image segmentation and registration algorithm was used to collect homologous rib and sternum landmark data from males and females aged 0-100 years. The Generalized Procrustes Analysis was applied to the homologous landmark data to quantify age-and sex-specific isolated shape changes in the thorax. The Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th percentile male occupant model was morphed to create age-and sex-specific thoracic shape change models (scaled to a 50th percentile male size). To evaluate the thoracic response, 2 loading cases (frontal hub impact and lateral impact) were simulated to assess the importance of geometric and material property changes with age and sex.Results: Due to the geometric and material property changes with age and sex, there were observed differences in the response of the thorax in both the frontal and lateral impacts. Material property changes alone had little to no effect on the maximum thoracic force or the maximum percent compression. With age, the thorax becomes stiffer due to superior rotation of the ribs, which can result in increased bone strain that can increase the risk of fracture. For the 70-YO models, the simulations predicted a higher number of rib fractures in comparison to the 30-YO models. The male models experienced more superior rotation of the ribs in comparison to the female models, which resulted in a higher number of rib fractures for the males.Conclusion: In this study, age-and sex-specific thoracic models were developed and the biomechanical response was studied using frontal and lateral impact simulations. The development of these age-and sex-specific FE models of the thorax will lead to an improved understanding of the complex relationship between thoracic geometry, age, sex, and injury risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Age- and Sex-Specific Thorax Finite Element Model Development and Simulation

Schoell

Weaver

Vavalle

et al. 2015

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…For instance, the study of vertebral fracture etiology requires a model representative of an older adult population. Other factors that vary between individuals and likely influence in vivo loads, such as spine curvature [63][64][65] and rib cage size and shape [17,66,67], can also easily be incorporated in future versions of the model to provide an even better subject-specific model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positions and orientations of the vertebral bodies, defining the curvature of the spine, were based on average measurements available in the literature with thoracic kyphosis (T1-T12 Cobb angle) set to 50 deg and lumbar lordosis (L1-L5 Cobb angle) set to À43 deg [15,16]. The size and shape of the ribs and sternum were based on published morphometric equations that describe the position of three to five major landmarks on each rib [17]. Cubic splines were fit to these landmarks to model the shape of each individual rib.…”

Section: Definition Of Skeletal Anatomy and Joints In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Musculoskeletal Model of the Fully Articulated Thoracolumbar Spine and Rib Cage

Bruno

Bouxsein

Anderson

2015

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

142

149

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We developed and validated a fully articulated model of the thoracolumbar spine in OPENSIM that includes the individual vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. To ensure trunk muscles in the model accurately represent muscles in vivo, we used a novel approach to adjust muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and position using computed tomography (CT) scans of the trunk sampled from a community-based cohort. Model predictions of vertebral compressive loading and trunk muscle tension were highly correlated to previous in vivo measures of intradiscal pressure (IDP), vertebral loading from telemeterized implants and trunk muscle myoelectric activity recorded by electromyography (EMG).

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“…Nevertheless, in recent years it has received special attention in different fields of study such as biomechanics or evolutionary biology (Gayzik et al, 2008;Bastir et al, 2013a,b;Shi et al, 2014;Weaver et al, 2014). This is in part due to methodological advances and improvements in morphometric quantification due to the use of semilandmark methods (Bastir et al, 2013a(Bastir et al, ,b, 2015Garc ıa-Mart ınez, 2013;Garc ıa-Mart ınez et al, 2013Shi et al, 2014;Weaver et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of 3D rib curvature and its importance for the understanding of human thorax development

García‐Martínez

Recheis

Bastir

2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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These results suggest anatomical constraints for ontogenetic rib variation, since ribs 1-7 (true ribs) are directly linked to the sternum. Moreover, these results are supported by functional anatomy because pulmonary kinematics would influence the upper unit and diaphragmatic kinematics would influence the lower one. Our findings are relevant not only to understanding how changes at individual ribs contribute to the adult thorax morphology, but also to the development and evolution of the modern human rib cage.

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Quantification of age-related shape change of the human rib cage through geometric morphometrics

Cited by 91 publications

References 32 publications

Age- and Sex-Specific Thorax Finite Element Model Development and Simulation

Age- and Sex-Specific Thorax Finite Element Model Development and Simulation

Development and Validation of a Musculoskeletal Model of the Fully Articulated Thoracolumbar Spine and Rib Cage

Ontogeny of 3D rib curvature and its importance for the understanding of human thorax development

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