Development and Validation of a Musculoskeletal Model of the Fully Articulated Thoracolumbar Spine and Rib Cage

Bruno, Alexander G.; Bouxsein, Mary L.; Anderson, Dennis E.

doi:10.1115/1.4030408

Cited by 145 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Based on the current results, pressures of 707 kPa at T4-T5 and 602 kPa at T8-T9 would require follower loads of about 425 N and 508 N, respectively, in the Intact condition. Recent musculoskeletal modeling estimates of thoracic loading in upright standing show a range from about 175 N at T1 to about 475 N at T12 (Bruno et al, 2015). Taken together, these values suggest that reasonable follower load magnitudes to simulate upright standing range from about 200 N in the upper thoracic spine to about 500 N in the lower thoracic spine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of follower load and rib cage on intervertebral disc pressure and sagittal plane curvature in static tests of cadaveric thoracic spines

Anderson

Mannen

Sis

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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The clinical relevance of mechanical testing studies of cadaveric human thoracic spines could be enhanced by using follower preload techniques, by including the intact rib cage, and by measuring thoracic intervertebral disc pressures, but studies to date have not incorporated all of these components simultaneously. Thus, this study aimed to implement a follower preload in the thoracic spine with intact rib cage, and examine the effects of follower load, rib cage stiffening and rib cage removal on intervertebral disc pressures and sagittal plane curvatures in unconstrained static conditions. Intervertebral disc pressures increased linearly with follower load magnitude. The effect of the rib cage on disc pressures in static conditions remains unclear because testing order likely confounded the results. Disc pressures compared well with previous reports in vitro, and comparison with in vivo values suggests the use of a follower load of about 400 N to approximate loading in upright standing. Follower load had no effect on sagittal plane spine curvature overall, suggesting successful application of the technique, although increased flexion in the upper spine and reduced flexion in the lower spine suggest that the follower load path was not optimized. Rib cage stiffening and removal both increased overall spine flexion slightly, although with differing effects at specific spinal locations. Overall, the approaches demonstrated here will support the use of follower preloads, intact rib cage, and disc pressure measurements to enhance the clinical relevance of future studies of the thoracic spine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of follower load and rib cage on intervertebral disc pressure and sagittal plane curvature in static tests of cadaveric thoracic spines

Anderson

Mannen

Sis

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…We previously developed and validated sex‐specific musculoskeletal models of the trunk to estimate spinal loading and trunk muscle forces during quasi‐static activities . Briefly, the body is modeled as a series of linked segments, and the weight, length, and center of mass position of each body segment is estimated from published anthropometric data…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Duration Spaceflight on Vertebral Strength and Risk of Spine Fracture

Burkhart

Allaire

Anderson

et al. 2019

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Although the negative impact of long-duration spaceflight on spine BMD has been reported, its impact on vertebral strength and risk of vertebral fracture remains unknown. This study examined 17 crewmembers with long-duration service on the International Space Station in whom computed tomography (CT) scans of the lumbar spine (L 1 and L 2 ) were collected preflight, immediately postflight and 1 to 4 years after return to Earth. We assessed vertebral strength via CT-based finite element analysis (CT-FEA) and spinal loading during different activities via subject-specific musculoskeletal models. Six months of spaceflight reduced vertebral strength by 6.1% (−2.3%, −8.7%) (median [interquartile range]) compared to preflight (p < 0.05), with 65% of subjects experiencing deficits of greater than 5%, and strengths were not recovered up to 4 years after the mission. This decline in vertebral strength exceeded (p < 0.05) the 2.2% (−1.3%, −6.0%) decline in lumbar spine DXA-BMD. Further, the subject-specific changes in vertebral strength were not correlated with the changes in DXA-BMD. Although spinal loading increased slightly postflight, the ratio of vertebral compressive load to vertebral strength for typical daily activities remained well below a value of 1.0, indicating a low risk of vertebral fracture despite the loss in vertebral strength. However, for more strenuous activity, the postflight load-to-strength ratios ranged from 0.3 to 0.7, indicating a moderate risk of vertebral fracture in some individuals. Our findings suggest persistent deficits in vertebral strength following long-duration spaceflight, and although risk of vertebral fracture remains low for typical activities, the risk of vertebral fracture is notable in some crewmembers for strenuous exercise requiring maximal effort.

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“…ML and AP views of the baseline male musculoskeletal model used in this study . The model includes a fully articulated thoracolumbar spine and rib cage, a lumped head and neck body, upper extremities, and 552 Hill‐type musculotendon actuators.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of CT‐based measurements of trunk anatomy into subject‐specific musculoskeletal models of the spine influences vertebral loading predictions

Bruno

Mokhtarzadeh

Allaire

et al. 2017

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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We created subject-specific musculoskeletal models of the thoracolumbar spine by incorporating spine curvature and muscle morphology measurements from computed tomography (CT) scans to determine the degree to which vertebral compressive and shear loading estimates are sensitive to variations in trunk anatomy. We measured spine curvature and trunk muscle morphology using spine CT scans of 125 men, and then created four different thoracolumbar spine models for each person: 1) height and weight adjusted (Ht/Wt models); 2) height, weight and spine curvature adjusted (+C models); 3) height, weight and muscle morphology adjusted (+M models); and 4) height, weight, spine curvature, and muscle morphology adjusted (+CM models). We determined vertebral compressive and shear loading at three regions of the spine (T8, T12 and L3) for four different activities. Vertebral compressive loads predicted by the subject-specific CT-based musculoskeletal models were between 54% lower to 45% higher from those estimated using musculoskeletal models adjusted only for subject height and weight. The impact of subject-specific information on vertebral loading estimates varied with the activity and spinal region. Vertebral loading estimates were more sensitive to incorporation of subject-specific spinal curvature than subject-specific muscle morphology. Our results indicate that individual variations in spine curvature and trunk muscle morphology can have a major impact on estimated vertebral compressive and shear loads, and thus should be accounted for when estimating subject-specific vertebral loading.

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Development and Validation of a Musculoskeletal Model of the Fully Articulated Thoracolumbar Spine and Rib Cage

Cited by 145 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of follower load and rib cage on intervertebral disc pressure and sagittal plane curvature in static tests of cadaveric thoracic spines

Effects of follower load and rib cage on intervertebral disc pressure and sagittal plane curvature in static tests of cadaveric thoracic spines

Effects of Long-Duration Spaceflight on Vertebral Strength and Risk of Spine Fracture

Incorporation of CT‐based measurements of trunk anatomy into subject‐specific musculoskeletal models of the spine influences vertebral loading predictions

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