Ontogeny of 3D rib curvature and its importance for the understanding of human thorax development

García‐Martínez, Daniel; Recheis, Wolfgang; Bastir, Markus

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22893

Cited by 38 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The post-processing of the 3D surface models of skeletal elements (cleaning, smoothing and mesh hole-filling) was carried out by the Artec Studio v12 software (www.Artec3D.com) and the final 3D costal models were imported into the Viewbox4 software (www.dhal.com) for digitization. Then landmarks and semilandmarks for sliding 74–76 were located on rib models following previous published protocols from García-Martínez et al 77 . Since some fossil specimens (Tabun 1, Kebara 2 and ATD6 hominins) did not preserve the rib head, the three landmarks which described that structure in the comparative costal sample were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribcage measurements indicate greater lung capacity in Neanderthals and Lower Pleistocene hominins compared to modern humans

et al. 2018

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Our most recent fossil relatives, the Neanderthals, had a large brain and a very heavy body compared to modern humans. This type of body requires high levels of energetic intake. While food (meat and fat consumption) is a source of energy, oxygen via respiration is also necessary for metabolism. We would therefore expect Neanderthals to have large respiratory capacities. Here we estimate the pulmonary capacities of Neanderthals, based on costal measurements and physiological data from a modern human comparative sample. The Kebara 2 male had a lung volume of about 9.04 l; Tabun C1, a female individual, a lung volume of 5.85 l; and a Neanderthal from the El Sidrón site, a lung volume of 9.03 l. These volumes are approximately 20% greater than the corresponding volumes of modern humans of the same body size and sex. These results show that the Neanderthal body was highly sensitive to energy supply.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribcage measurements indicate greater lung capacity in Neanderthals and Lower Pleistocene hominins compared to modern humans

et al. 2018

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“…Significant decreases in the transverse diameters were found at T4 in both superior and inferior endplates in males and significant increases in superior and inferior endplates in both genders were found below the T4 level. The decrease in the transverse diameter toward T4 and the increase from T4 was highlighted in the aforementioned study by Masharawi et al and this finding was discussed from evolutionary, kinematic and biomechanical aspects . These sandglass‐type changes in the transverse diameter may also be explained by influence of adjacent organs in the posterior mediastinum, especially arch of aorta and descending aorta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

In vivo measurement of vertebral endplate surface area along the whole‐spine

Kishimoto

Akeda

Sudo

et al. 2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Accurate determination of vertebral endplate surface area and diameters plays an important role in surgical procedures, spinal implant design and sizing. The objective of this study was to contribute with baseline information on the endplate geometrical parameters using subject-based 3D whole-spine computed tomography (CT) models based on myelogram CT images taken of 49 patients with spinal disorders. Superior and inferior bony endplate mesh-models were created from said 3D CT models and endplate geometrical parameters including total polygon-mesh areas, projected areas and antero posterior and transverse diameters of each endplate were measured. The position of each endplate was determined by the cumulative distance along the spinal column with respect to C2. Endplate area and diameters were analyzed by gender, spinal level, age and correlation with spinal position. Males had larger endplates than females at all levels (p < 0.05) but S1. While endplate areas and transverse diameters increased with age at C3-L5 in females, these increases were not consistent through the whole-spine and even decreases with age were found at T1-T3 in males. There was a strong linear correlation between endplate area and spinal position in males and females with correlation coefficient values of r ¼ 0.938 and r ¼ 0.911, respectively. However, multiple comparisons of the geometrical parameters through the whole-spine revealed localized reduction of the anteroposterior or transverse diameters at T4 and L5-S1 levels. These regional and agerelated changes in endplate dimensions should be taken into account for safe interventional treatments at these sites. Keywords: endplate; surface area; endplate dimension, spine; computed tomography; three-dimensional measurement Accurate knowledge of vertebral endplate morphology is important to better understand its structurefunction relationships, 1-4 with respect to its influence and role in intervertebral disc degeneration, and to design proper surgical procedures, tissue-engineered disc replacement constructs and spinal implants. 5,6 Measurement of the endplate surface area provides essential information to be used for estimation of stress and pressure in intervertebral discs, estimation of disc volume and adequate sizing of spinal implants. To date, these endplate morphological parameters have been gathered mainly by means of planar methods. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Since the endplate actually has complex three-dimensional (3D) geometry, questions arise about whether appropriate 3D endplate surface models are necessary for accurate measurements of any morphological parameter, including the surface area. Information on the endplate surface area spanning the entire human spine is limited in the literature. To the best of the authors' knowledge, currently there is no in vivo study providing results of 3D-based endplate surface area measurements.Continuous increases in endplate dimensions along the spine have been reported in the literature. 6,7,14,15 We hypothesize that the endplat...

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“…The present study has some limitations. First, each rib pair was marked using only seven landmarks, which is much fewer than used in previous studies: landmarks and various semi‐landmarks were provided in earlier studies . Thus, the rib morphology assessed in the present study may reflect the gross features of rib morphology but not reveal each rib precisely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such morphological differences of rib pairs according to the position along the cranial‐caudal axis constitute important factors for proper anatomical and functional construction of the rib cage. The whole thorax cage has been analyzed via quantitative morphometric studies in which each rib was integrated as a component …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human embryonic ribs all progress through common morphological forms irrespective of their position on the axis

Matsubayashi

Okuno

Fujii

et al. 2019

Developmental Dynamics

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Background We aimed to analyze the morphogenesis of all ribs from 1st to 12th rib pairs plus vertebrae to compare their differences and features according to the position along the cranial‐caudal axis during the human embryonic period. Results Rib pair formation was analyzed using high‐resolution digitalized imaging data (n = 29) between Carnegie stage (CS) 18 and CS23 (corresponding to ED13‐14 in mouse; HH29‐35 in chick). A total of 348 rib pairs, from 1st to 12th rib pairs of each sample were subjected to Procrustes and principal component (PC) analyses. PC1 and PC2 accounted for 76.3% and 16.4% (total 92.7%) of the total variance, respectively, indicating that two components mainly accounted for the change in shape. The distribution of PC1 and PC2 values for each rib showed a “fishhook‐like shape” upon fitting to a quartic equation. PC1 and PC2 value position for each rib pair moved along the fitted curve according to the development. Thus, the change in PC1 and PC2 could be expressed by a single parameter using a fitted curve as a linear scale for shape. Conclusion Human embryonic ribs all progress through common morphological forms irrespective of their position on the axis.

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Ontogeny of 3D rib curvature and its importance for the understanding of human thorax development

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

Ribcage measurements indicate greater lung capacity in Neanderthals and Lower Pleistocene hominins compared to modern humans

Ribcage measurements indicate greater lung capacity in Neanderthals and Lower Pleistocene hominins compared to modern humans

In vivo measurement of vertebral endplate surface area along the whole‐spine

Human embryonic ribs all progress through common morphological forms irrespective of their position on the axis

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