Quality variables for technological application of cocoa clones from the Brazilian semiarid region

Reges, Bianca Mara; Maia, Anielly M.; Sarmento, Diógenes Henrique Abrantes; Silva, Mayara S.; Santos, Sandra; Damaceno, Marlene Nunes

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n3p203-208

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On the other hand, 3003 had the lowest TWF (220.3 g). The data obtained for the weights of fruits were superior to those found by Reges et al (2021), who evaluated clones CCN51, CEPEC 2004, CEPEC 2005, and PS 1319 harvested in an orchard located in the municipality of Russas, State of Ceará, Brazil. However, these authors also observed a great variation in the weights of the fruits, which is related to the specific characteristics of the population studied.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 61%

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Cacao genotypes cultivated in agroforestry systems in Bahia have wide genetic variability in morpho-agronomic characters

Georges,

Melo,

Souza

et al. 2023

Ciênc. agrotec.

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Cacao fruits are agronomically important and show wide variability for several morphological descriptors. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic distance of 51 genotypes of Theobroma cacao L. in the cocoa-producing region of Southern Bahia (Brazil) based on morpho-agronomic descriptors. The inference of genetic similarity was performed from the phenotypic data derived simultaneously from qualitative and quantitative variables, using the Ward-MLM procedure (Modified Location Model) with the SAS® software. The distance matrix was obtained using the Gower logarithmic function. For this, 28 descriptors were evaluated, five qualitative and 23 quantitative. Furthermore, using the likelihood function procedure, the optimal number of groups was five indicating wide variability. Of 23 quantitative descriptors evaluated by fruits and leaves, 95% showed significant differences. The exception was seed width. Groups 1 and 5 were the most distant, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were closest to each other. The greatest difference between increments was 35.32 for the fifth group. The analysis of the first two canonical axes revealed that both represented 81.88% of the variation, with CAN1 and CAN2 responsible for 53.66% and 28.22% of the variation. The most promising genotypes for breeding programs belong to group 5 due to their superior performance for almost all characteristics analyzed.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…They can also be transformed into fuel briquettes, adding value to the product and simultaneously solving the waste disposal problem (Ofori;Akoto, 2020). The shell thickness plays an important role in resistance to Phytophthora palmivora; susceptible cacao fruits have a thinner shell and higher moisture percentage (Reges et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cacao genotypes cultivated in agroforestry systems in Bahia have wide genetic variability in morpho-agronomic characters

Georges,

Melo,

Souza

et al. 2023

Ciênc. agrotec.

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“…However, the samples from the 'Ipiranga' variety showed high intensity of fruity flavor and the samples from the 'CCN51' variety presented high intensity of sweet taste and buttery flavor. Brazilian researchers (Reges et al, 2021;Alexandre et al, 2015) reported that the 'CCN51' variety presented higher values to reducing sugar content and soluble solid ( o Brix). Another study carried out with Ecuadorian cocoa varieties found significant difference in the acidity, the 'CCN51' variety was considered the least acid compared to the other varieties studied (Rottiers et al, 2019).…”

Section: Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and Acceptability Of The D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compounds, methylxanthines, and preference drivers of dark chocolate made with hybrid cocoa beans

Martins

Santana

Maciel

et al. 2023

RSD

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The distinct properties of cocoa beans may be due to their different geographical and genetic origins which lead to chocolates with different characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate dark chocolate samples made with hybrid cocoa cultivated in the Bahia State, Brazil, regarding the composition of bioactive compounds (spectrophotometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and the sensory characteristics (Quantitative Descriptive Analysis-QDA®), and acceptance test). External preference mapping was conducted by first using principal components analysis (PCA) on the QDA data, and then relating consumer preference (overall liking) to this PCA space by regression analysis. Significant differences among the cocoa varieties were found. Chocolate samples that showed lower acceptability also presented higher content of theobromine, caffeine, anthocyanins, and gallic acid which conferred greater intensities of bitterness, astringency, and intense cocoa flavor. Lower levels of methylxanthines, monomeric phenolic compounds, and anthocyanins allowed the highlight of fruity, sweet and caramelized notes, which contributed to greater acceptance of the chocolate samples. Therefore, these characteristics can be recognized as consumer preference drivers (negative and positive, respectively) for the high cocoa chocolates. It seems that higher values of ephicatechin and catechin had no negative contribution to the flavor of the chocolate samples. The findings of this study can be used in agriculture and in the cocoa/chocolate industry, suggesting the potential and applicability of promising hybrid cocoa, with important characteristics, representing a genetic material of great quality, that may be classified as fine flavor cocoa, associating greater value to the product, and contributing to meet consumer needs.

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“…Cacao crops are traditionally planted in regions with annual precipitation ranging between 1500 and 1800 mm [2]. However, the use of irrigation systems and the selection of drought-resistant clones have allowed expanding cacao plantations to drier climates [3,4], with annual rainfall of 800-1000 mm [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CCN 51 is a well-recognized cultivar due to its exceptional adaptability to a large range of diferent climates, including semiarid ones, thanks to an advantageous set of traits, which include aspects related to its reproductive phenology (long pollen longevity), physiology (osmotic adjustment, high nonphotochemical quenching, and low Cd accumulation), and high productivity (low pod index) [13]. Tis clone is currently cultivated in Ecuador, Colombia, Perú, and Brasil [5,[14][15][16]. Our fndings allow us to establish the pod's growth curve and predict more accurately the yield of clone CCN 51 when it is cultivated in full sunlight and receiving regular irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pod Production Dynamics and Pod Size Distribution of Theobroma cacao L. Clone CCN 51 in Full Sunlight

Jaimez,

Barragan,

Fernández-Niño

et al. 2024

International Journal of Agronomy

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Cacao fruit production dynamics vary from one location to another and are conditioned by the number of pods produced per tree. During cocoa pod development, the strength of the carbon sink varies depending on the demand exerted by the pods, which is proportional to the size. The relationship between cocoa pod production dynamics and size distribution is still poorly understood. Dissecting this relationship is an important step toward further improving cocoa crop management. In this study, the annual yield dynamics and quantity of cocoa pods produced by popular, highly productive, and widespread clone CCN 51 were investigated, based on six size classes observed during its fructification. Growth parameters were determined as weekly increments of pod length and diameter, whereas daily increments were estimated using the logistic Richards model. The fruiting cycle was characterized by the coexistence of fruits of various sizes where the number of pods belonging to each size class changes throughout the fruiting season. Fruit production varied following a seasonal pattern, reaching a maximum of 36 pods/tree, in trees cultivated in full sunlight, of which approximately 55% matured and were harvested. The peak carbon sink demand occurs when the tree pods have the highest numbers of pods. During this period, 65% of the pods had lengths between 5 and 15 cm, which corresponds to the period of the highest pod growth rate. The average length values of the harvested pods were generally below 23 cm and rarely exceeded 7 pods/tree. The Richard model proved to describe accurately the pod growth rates for CCN 51. This represents a promising tool to determine pod growth in other cultivars of relevance for the cocoa industry, which is essential to improve cocoa crop management.

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Quality variables for technological application of cocoa clones from the Brazilian semiarid region

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Cacao genotypes cultivated in agroforestry systems in Bahia have wide genetic variability in morpho-agronomic characters

Cacao genotypes cultivated in agroforestry systems in Bahia have wide genetic variability in morpho-agronomic characters

Phenolic compounds, methylxanthines, and preference drivers of dark chocolate made with hybrid cocoa beans

Pod Production Dynamics and Pod Size Distribution of Theobroma cacao L. Clone CCN 51 in Full Sunlight

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