Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Indian Terminalia spp. Against the Pharyngitis Causing Pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes.

Wright, Mitchell Henry; Arnold, Megan; Lee, Cameron Jay; Courtney, Reece; Greene, Anthony Carlson; Cock, Ian Edwin

doi:10.5530/pc.2016.2.6

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…A high antioxidant capacity has been postulated as being responsible for the medicinal properties of many plants. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] In particular, antioxidants have been linked to antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities, as well as anticancer properties. 26-44 . However, other studies have indicated that antioxidants may protect cells from oxidative stress and thus protect against cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts were also good bacterial growth inhibitors, with zones of inhibition of 8.3 ± 0.6 mm and 7.5 ± 0.5 mm respectively. S. pyogenes can cause a variety of diseases including streptococcal pharyngitis, impetigo and rheumatic heart disease, 42,43 depending on which tissue it infects. Thus, our results indicate the potential of the A. mollucanas nut extracts in preventing and treating rheumatic heart disease, as well as these other diseases, The antimicrobial efficacy was further quantified by determining the MIC values for each extract against the microbial species which were determined to be susceptible.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aleurites moluccanus (l.) Willd. Extracts Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases

Mpala¹,

Chikowe²,

Cock³

2017

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Introduction: Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. is a large tree with a wide global distribution. All parts of the tree have been used medicinally and the nut is consumed in a variety of cuisines. Despite this, A. moluccanus nut extracts have not been rigorously examined growth inhibitory properties against many bacteria, including the bacterial triggers of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of A. moluccanus nut solvent extractions was investigated by disc diffusion and growth time course assays against a panel of bacterial triggers of autoimmune diseases. The growth inhibitory activity was further quantified by MIC determination. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: Methanolic and aqueous A. moluccanus nut solvent extracts were potent inhibitors of all of the bacterial triggers of autoimmune diseases screened in this study. The methanolic extract displayed the most potent bacterial growth inhibitory activity. It was particularly potent against the bacterial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis (MICs of 438 and 215 µg/mL against reference and clinical Proteus mirabilis strains; MIC of 187 µg/mL against Proteus vulgaris). The methanolic extract was also a good inhibitor of K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes growth with MICs < 1000 µg/mL. The aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts were also potent bacterial growth inhibitors, albeit with slightly higher MIC values. The antibacterial activity of the methanolic and aqueous A. moluccanus nut extracts were further investigated by growth time course assays which showed significant growth inhibition in cultures of P. mirabilis, K. pneumpniae and S. pyogenes within 1 h of exposure. All extracts were determined to be nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay, indicating their safety for prophylactic use in preventing these autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Conclusions: The lack of toxicity of the A. moluccanus nut extracts and their growth inhibitory bioactivity against the bacterial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatic heart disease indicate their potential in the development of new therapies targeting the onset of these diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aleurites moluccanus (l.) Willd. Extracts Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases

Mpala¹,

Chikowe²,

Cock³

2017

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“…Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was achieved as previously described [20,21] and used to determine the presence of triterpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phytosteroids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and alkaloids.…”

Section: Qualitative Phytochemical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Pharmacognostic Potential of Indian Terminalia Spp. in the Treatment and Prevention of Yersiniosis

Wright¹,

Greene²,

Cock³

2017

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Introduction: Yersinia enterocolitica is a major cause of food poisoning through contaminated meat products, causing the acute gastrointestinal disease yersiniosis. Many Terminalia spp. have documented therapeutic properties as general antiseptics, inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of bacterial species. Despite this, Indian Terminalia spp. extracts have not been tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of Y. enterocolitica. Methods: T. arjuna, T. catappa and T. chebula extracts were extracted by maceration and the extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assay for growth inhibitory activity against a clinical strain of Y. enterocolitica. The MIC values of the extracts were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: T. chebula fruit extracts displayed potent growth inhibitory activity in the disc diffusion assay against Y. enterocolitica. The methanolic and ethyl acetate T. chebula fruit extracts were particularly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 85 and 64 µg/mL respectively. The aqueous fruit extract also displayed good growth inhibitory activity against Y. enterocolitica, albeit with a higher MIC value (653 µg/mL). The T. arjuna branch extract was moderately active (3000 µg/mL). All other extracts were either low efficacy, or completely devoid of growth inhibitory activity. All Indian Terminalia spp. extracts were nontoxic (LC 50 values <1000 µg/mL) in the Artemia franciscana bioassay. Conclusions: The lack of toxicity and the potent growth inhibitory bioactivity of the T. chebula extracts against Y. enterocolitica indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of yersiniosis.

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“…Antibacterial activity screening of the S. australe and S. luehmannii extracts was assessed using a modified disc diffusion assay [32,33]. Briefly, 100 µL of each individual isolate was grown separately in 20 mL of the appropriate broth until an approximate count of 10 8 cells/mL was reached.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Inhibitory Activity of Selected Australian Syzygium Species against Malodour Forming Bacteria

Wood¹,

McManus²,

Wright³

et al. 2017

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Background: Extracts produced from S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaves are potent growth inhibitors of many bacterial pathogens. They may also inhibit the growth of malodour producing bacteria and thus be useful deodorant components, although this is yet to be tested. Methods: S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaf solvent extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assays against significant bacterial contributors to axillary and plantar malodour formation. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: S. australe and S. luehmannii solvent extracts were good inhibitors of B. linens and C. jeikeium growth, with zones of inhibition up to 10 mm measured. S. australe extracts were generally better inhibitors of both bacterial species compared with the S. luehmannii extracts. Ethyl acetate extracts were particularly potent, with MIC values of 300 and 857 µg/mL for the S. australe fruit and leaf extracts respectively against B. linens, and 1000 and 311 µg/mL against C. jeikeium. The S. luehmannii fruit ethyl acetate extracts were similarly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 571 and 203 µg/mL against B. linens and C. jeikeium respectively. S. australe aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts were also potent inhibitors of C. jeikeium (MIC's of 285 and 306 µg/mL respectively). All other extracts had moderate or low inhibitory activity. All of the most potent ethyl acetate extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay. In contrast, the methanolic and aqueous S. australe leaf extracts, as well as the aqueous and methanolic S. luehmannii fruit extracts displayed apparent toxicity. However, these results may be fallacious and instead result from the high antioxidant content of these extracts. Conclusion: The potent growth inhibition of axillary and plantar malodour producing bacteria by the Syzygium spp. extracts indicate their potential as deodorant components.

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Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Indian Terminalia spp. Against the Pharyngitis Causing Pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes.

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Aleurites moluccanus (l.) Willd. Extracts Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases

Aleurites moluccanus (l.) Willd. Extracts Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases

Investigating the Pharmacognostic Potential of Indian Terminalia Spp. in the Treatment and Prevention of Yersiniosis

Growth Inhibitory Activity of Selected Australian Syzygium Species against Malodour Forming Bacteria

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