Qualitative feed restriction on productive performance and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens

Abstract

A trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of qualitative restriction at different rearing phases on liver fatness and plasma triglycerides without impairing the productive performance of broiler chickens. One hundred and seventy-six male chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments and reared in battery brooders (16 pens with 11 birds each) from 1 to 49-day-old. In the control group, chicks were fed a starter diet (1 to 28-day-old) with 3,300kcal ME/kg of diet and 22.5% CP; grower diet (29 to 42-day-old) 3,300kcal ME/kg of diet and 18.2% CP; and the finisher diet (43 to 49-day-old) 3,300kcal ME/kg and 18.2% CP. Three restrict groups were fed a low 2,800kcal ME/kg of diet and 24% CP from 7 to 14-dayold (treatment 1); from 7 to 21-day-old (treatment 2); and from 22 to 35-day-old (treatment 3). All treatments were fed control diet before and after the feed restriction period. Feed intake was not affected during the feed restriction period; nevertheless, weight gain was lower (P<0.05) for chicks fed restricted diet from 7 to 21 and from 21 to 35-day-old. At the end of each restriction period, scores of liver for fatty infiltration were higher in restricted birds compared to control birds, although no changes were detected in plasma triglyceride levels. On the 49 th day of age, less intracellular fatty infiltration was observed in the liver of previously restricted birds compared to control birds, and weight gain was also lower in the restricted groups. Moreover, triglyceride plasma levels were similar among treatments, but decreased in 12-hour-fasted broilers compared to non-fasted birds. The low energy:protein ratio diet affected weight gain and fatty infiltration in the liver, but had no effect on plasma levels of triglycerides.Keywords: broiler chicken, feed restriction, productive performance, liver, triglyceride RESUMO Aplicou-se restrição alimentar qualitativa em frangos de corte, em diferentes fases do crescimento, para reduzir a infiltração gordurosa do fígado e os triglicerídeos plasmáticos, sem influir nas respostas produtivas. Distribuíram-se aleatoriamente 176 pintos machos em quatro tratamentos. As aves foram alojados em baterias (16 gaiolas com 11 aves cada) e foram criados de 1 a 49 dias de idade. No grupo controle as aves foram alimentadas com dieta inicial (1-28 dias) com 3.300kcal EM/kg/dieta e 22,5% de proteína bruta (PB; dieta de crescimento (29-42 dias) com 3.300kcal EM/kg/dieta e 20,9% de PB; dieta de acabamento (43-49 dias de idade) 3.300kcal EM/kg/dieta e 18,2% de PB. As aves nos três grupos sob restrição foram alimentadas com dieta com 2.800kcal de EM/kg/dieta e 24% de PB de 7 aos 14 dias de idade (tratamento 2), de 7 aos 21 dias de idade (tratamento 2) e de 22 aos 35 dias de idade (tratamento 3). Todas as aves dos tratamentos sob restrição foram alimentadas com a dieta controle antes e depois

Response of Ross 308 and Hubbard broiler chickens to feed removal for different durations during the day

“…The results obtained on weight gain and final body weight in this study confirm those of Navidshad et al (2006), Onbasilar et al (2009), andGhazanfari et al (2010) who observed similar weight gains and market weights in feed-restricted and full-fed birds. Contrary to this observation, various scientists have reported lower weight gains and final body weights (Cornejo et al 2007;Khajali et al 2007;Al-Batshan et al 2008;Benyi et al 2009) or higher weight gains (Mahmood et al 2005;Mahmud et al 2008) in feed-restricted than full-fed birds.…”

“…A number of variations of feed restriction including quantitative feed restriction (Ocak and Sivri 2008;Mahmud et al 2008;Czirjak 2009;Mohebedini et al 2009), limiting the time of daily access to feed (Khetani et al 2008;Ombasilar et al 2009;Mohebodini et al 2009), skip-a-day feed removal (Khajali et al 2007;Benyi et al 2009;Ghazanfari et al 2010), and appetite suppression using substances such as glycolic acid and saponins (Al-Batshan et al 2008) have been evaluated but results have been conflicting (Navidshad et al 2006;Cornejo et al 2007;Khetani et al 2008;Ghazanfari et al 2010). Such inconsistencies may relate to different feeding strategies applied which may affect the birds' response.…”

Thyroid Hormone and Blood Metabolites Concentrations of Broiler Chickens Subjected to Feeding Time Restriction

“…A number of variations of feed restriction including limiting the time of daily access to feed (Khetani et al, 2009;Onbasilar et al, 2009;Mohebodini et al, 2009), removal of feed for up to 8 h a d or skip-a-day feeding, allowing birds to feed only once/h and feeding once every other day (Demir et al, 2004;Khajali et al, 2007;El-Fiky et al, 2008;Benyi et al, 2009Benyi et al, , 2010Boostani et al, 2010;Saffar & Khajali, 2010), have been evaluated but results have been conflicting (Navidshad et al, 2006;Cornejo et al, 2007;Khetani et al, 2009;Ghazanfari et al, 2010). However, Mohebodini et al (2009) on the respective research indicated that although intermittent feeding through free access to feed during four periods of 2 h (06:00-08:00, 12:00-14:00, 18:00-20:00, and 24:00-02:00) from 7-21 d of age had lower on body weight gain than control (436.3 vs 495.3 g), but had no effect on weight gain during realimentation period from 22-42 d of age.…”

The influence of restrictive feeding of chickens on the microscopic structure of their liver

“…We found classical microvesicular steatosis (R-M-80, R-F-80, C-M-80, C-F-80, R-M-65, C-M-65, C-F-65) as early as the 35 th day of restriction. Cornejo et al (2007) observed the infiltration of chickens' livers by fat after the 35 th day of restriction. In our study, there was no visible difference in the morphological picture related to the severity of restriction.…”

“…Restrictive feeding influences not only growth efficiency, but also lipid metabolism (Zhan et al 2007). Food restriction can also change cell proliferation activity and fat deposition (Cornejo et al 2007). We can hypothesize histological changes in the liver parenchyma following feeding restriction.…”