The effects of skip-a-day feeding for 14 days during the starter or grower period or for 28 days during both periods followed by ad libitum feeding to market age on the growth performance of two strains of broiler chickens, Ross 308 and Hybro, were studied over 7 weeks. Ross was superior to Hybro in weight gain, final body weight and feed conversion but consumed more feed. Overall, feed restriction reduced feed intake, weight gain and body weight in all feed - restricted birds. Also, the 14-day feed-restricted birds gained more weight and were heavier than the 28-day restricted ones. Feed restriction neither improved feed conversion nor reduced abdominal fat but decreased mortality rate. Strain | treatment interaction significantly affected only feed intake. It is suggested that for broiler chicken production in the tropics Ross 308 could be used and feed restricted for 14 days during the starter or grower period.

The effects of feed removal for 6, 8, or 10 h during the day from 8 to 28 days of age followed by ad libitum feeding to market age on the growth performance of two strains of broiler chickens, Ross 308 and Hubbard, were studied over 7 weeks. Ross 308 was superior to Hubbard in weight gain and final body weight but consumed more feed and deposited more abdominal fat. Overall, daily feed removal reduced feed intake and improved feed efficiency in all feed-restricted birds, and the longer the period of feed removal the better the efficiency of utilization, but it had no significant effect on weight gain and market weight. It is suggested that for broiler production in the tropics, Ross 308 could be used on a 10-h daily feed removal program from 8 to 28 days of age.

The effects of 6, 10 and 14 days of skip-a-day feed removal during the starter and grower periods on the growth performance of Ross 308 and Hubbard broiler chickens were studied in a 49-day production period. Ross 308 was superior to Hubbard in weight gain, market weight and feed utilization but consumed more feed, deposited more abdominal fat and had a higher mortality rate. Overall, feed removal improved feed efficiency, had insignificant effects on abdominal fatness and mortality rate and reduced feed intake, weight gain and market weight. On each restricted-feeding regime, the birds gained as much weight as their fully fed counterparts during the period of resumed full feeding but were unable to compensate fully for the weight loss and were lighter at the end of the trial. It is suggested that for profitable broiler production under tropical conditions, Ross 308 and skip-a-day feed removal for less than 6 days from 7 to 17 days of age be considered.

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of South African mutton merino fed graded levels of macadamia oil cake were assessed. A total of 60 South African mutton merino lambs were used in the experiment (initial live weight 25.0 ± 0.45 kg). Five diets with different inclusion levels of macadamia oil cake (MOC) were formulated: T1 (0% MOC, control), T2 (5% MOC), T3 (10% MOC), T4 (15% MOC) and T5 (20% MOC). Effects of inclusion level of MOC on average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not significant (P > 0.05). Effects of inclusion levels of MOC on feed conversion ratio (FCR) of sheep were significant (P < 0.05). Highest proportion (71.2%) of sheep in the study had a carcass fat classification of 2, followed by a proportion of 17.3% sheep with a carcass fat classification of 3 and lastly 11.5% sheep had carcass fat classification of 4. Warm and cold carcass mass, chest circumference, carcass length and dressing percentage were higher in sheep fed on 5% MOC compared to other treatment diets (0, 10, 15 and 20% MOC) (P < 0.05). Fat rib eye had a greater area in sheep fed on 5% MOC (P < 0.05). It was concluded that 5% MOC provided the best results in terms of carcass characteristic measurements in sheep.

Eighteen cattle (six Bonsmara males, seven Simmanteler x Beefmaster males and five Simmanteler x Beefmaster females) were assigned to three diets containing 0% (Control), 10% and 20% Macadamia oil cake to evaluate the effects of different levels of Macadamia oilcake (MOC) on feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Differences in average feed intake were not significant (P > 0.05). Average daily gains on the 0% and 20% MOC diets were not significantly different (P < 0.05) but were significantly higher than the average gain on 10% MOC (P < 0.05). The inclusion of 20% MOC increased feed conversion ratio significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the other two treatments. The control group had significantly heavier warm carcasses than the 10% and 20% MOC groups and the 20% MOC group had significantly heavier carcasses than the 10% MOC group. The inclusion of MOC did not significantly affect the dressing percentage and conformation scores of the animals (P > 0.05). There were no condemned livers, suggesting that either there were no toxic factors in the feed or, even if present, were probably inactive in the liver.