Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Microbial Communities in Household Dishwashers in Germany

Brands, Britta; Honisch, Marlitt; Merettig, Nadine; Bichler, Sandra; Stamminger, Rainer; Kinnius, Jörg; Seifert, Monika; Hardacker, Ingo; Kessler, Arnd; Weide, Mirko; Wrubbel, Noelle; Bockmühl, Dirk P.

doi:10.3139/113.110415

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, determining the influence of a specific parameter on the microfungi survival and development is complicated. The relationship between temperature (the only variable factor during the washing cycle) and the presence of microorganisms in dishwashers was shown by Brandt et al [60] and Brandt and Dirk [61]. As the temperature increased, yeast counts decreased, indicating an adverse effect of energy-saving measures on appliance hygiene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dishwashers as an Extreme Environment of Potentially Pathogenic Yeast Species

et al. 2021

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The study aimed to compare the yeast species diversity in the specific environment of dishwashers, taking into account the potential risk for users. Yeasts were isolated from ten dishwashers and from tap water supplied to the appliances. Samples were collected for mycological analyses at the beginning of each month, from February to May 2016. Four dishwasher sites (rubber seals, detergent dispensers, sprinklers, and water drains) were analyzed. The microfungi were identified by the standard procedures applied in mycological diagnostics. To confirm species identification, molecular analysis was performed based on the sequences of the D1/D2 region. The presence of microfungi was detected in 70% of the investigated appliances. Rubber seals, detergent dispensers, and water drains were the most frequently colonized elements. Thirty-five yeast strains were isolated in this study, of which twenty-seven were obtained from dishwashers and eight from tap water. The strains belonged to six genera and six species (Candida parapsilosis, Clavispora lusitaniae, Dipodascus capitatus, Exophiala dermatitidis, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa). Most of the strains came from rubber seals. In this way, it was demonstrated that the dishwashers’ condition is sufficient as an ecological niche for microfungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dishwashers as an Extreme Environment of Potentially Pathogenic Yeast Species

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, more tests with different dishwashers have to be performed and the behaviour of more test micro‐organisms should be evaluated in future to give a picture of the current situation. Nevertheless, numerous studies in different household appliances have shown that the hygiene status of household dishwashers must be considered quite good in general (Brands and Bockmühl ; Brands et al ), biofilms have been detected (Zalar et al ; Babič et al ; Nix et al ; Savage et al ; Egert ; Rehberg et al ; Raghupathi et al ; Zupančič et al ). However, dishwashing hygiene must be constantly observed since some micro‐organisms might be able to survive dishwashing cycles, should future developments in water and energy saving lead to a shift in the parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers

et al. 2020

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Aims:To develop a method that is able to determine the microbial reduction in different dishwasher cleaning cycles and differentiate between different program parameters used. Methods and Results: Stainless steel biomonitors were contaminated with Micrococcus luteus or Entereococcus faecium and cleaned in a specially programmed household dishwasher with different cleaning temperatures and durations. No detergent, bleach-free detergent or detergent containing activated oxygen bleach was used. The logarithmic reduction (LR) was determined. The microbial reduction depended on the cleaning temperature, the duration of the cleaning cycles and the detergent type used. LR increased with higher temperatures, longer cleaning cycles and use of detergent. Conclusions: The factors cleaning cycle temperature, cleaning cycle duration, final rinsing temperature and the use of detergent all contributed to the reduction of test-strains in dishwasher cycles. A combination of longer dishwashing cycles and increased temperatures resulted in LR max of the microbial load. Significance and Impact of the Study: Cycles in domestic appliances are very diverse; therefore a standardized method to determine their ability to reduce the microbial load is of great use. The method described here is able to demonstrate the reductions achieved by dishwashing cycles with different parameters and might help to find the necessary balance between energy saving and an acceptable level of hygiene.

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“…Es gibt Studien, die belegen, dass eine zuverlässige Keimreduktion auch in sog. Hygienespülprogrammen nicht von jedem Gerät erreicht wird [24,25]. Vielmehr könnte es zu einer neuen Kontamination der TK mit obligat pathogenen Mikroorganismen kommen.…”

Section: Merkeunclassified

Aufbereitung von Trachealkanülen im außerklinischen Bereich

Ziech¹,

Schwarz²

2020

Krankenhaushygiene up2date

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Microbial Communities in Household Dishwashers in Germany

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Dishwashers as an Extreme Environment of Potentially Pathogenic Yeast Species

Dishwashers as an Extreme Environment of Potentially Pathogenic Yeast Species

A method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers

Aufbereitung von Trachealkanülen im außerklinischen Bereich

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