Qualification de la forme de deux pins maritimes en liaison avec la structure de leur bois

Radi, Malika; Castéra, Patrick

doi:10.1051/forest:19920207

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…7d). In maritime pine, stand thinning only affected the formation of compression wood for 18 years (Radi & Castera 1992). Despite the decline in the frequency of strong windstorms in the last 150 years (Schütz 2004), the precarious stability of forests to wind action calls for silvicultural practices aimed at optimizing the competition among trees, to improve individual and group resistance and minimize the incidence of compression wood.…”

Section: Anthropogenic Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Dinulică¹,

Marcu²,

Borz³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Since the 1950s, wind has represented one of the main disturbances to forest ecosystems in Europe, causing an increase in the frequency and amount of trees uprooted or broken by wind. Such phenomenon has also increased the incidence of compression wood in the xylem of remnant trees, thus leading to a general decrease in timber quality. In this study, we aimed to determine how wind regime affects the incidence of compression wood by reconstructing its chronology at both inter-and intra-annual scale using dendroclimatic methods. Six silver fir stands at different elevations were selected in central Romania, and compression wood time series were obtained from both increment cores from standing trees and radial discs from felled trees. Wood-structure variables were statistically analyzed as time series, while fluctuations of wind frequency and speed over the period 1921-present were reconstructed based on meteorological data. The structural response of sampled trees to wind was assessed based on the annual fluctuation in the frequency and intensity of compression wood. Results showed that the incidence of compression wood in the time series was synchronized with the intensity of the wind, rather than its duration. Wind regime in December of the preceding calendar year was significantly correlated with the frequency of compression wood, whereas its intensity was significantly correlated with wind load of previous September. The response of cambium to the wind stimulus increased with distance from the tree collar, peaking in the section at the base of the crown. At a decennial scale, only high-intensity wind stress triggered structural responses in the studied trees. Wind effects on xylogenesis in the analyzed stands increased over the last decades as a consequence of the local forest management. A better understanding of the structural response of forest trees to wind regime may explain how individual and groups of trees compete for stability and can help to improve forest management strategies in windy regions.

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Section: Anthropogenic Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Dinulică¹,

Marcu²,

Borz³

et al. 2016

iForest

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“…This kind of radial reaction wood distribution has been reported in several poplars and coniferous, and called "waves of reaction wood" [8,10,15,25,27,33]. The authors consider that part of the first wave corresponds to the reorientation of the stem and the second wave, elaborated in mature age, to the stabilisation of the tree.…”

Section: Radial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tension wood occurrence in three cultivars of Populus × euramericana. Part I: Inter-clonal and intra-tree variability of tension wood

Badia¹,

Constant²,

Mothe³

et al. 2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-The main wood quality problem affecting poplar trees is tension wood occurrence associated to end-splits after felling, distortions of products, woolly wood, etc. The objective of this study was to estimate the occurrence of tension wood by using the external shape of the stem and the 3D distribution of annual growth rings. This paper is the first of two papers and presents the inter-clonal and intra-tree tension wood variability. A clear clonal-effect was observed on tension wood area percentage (I-MC>I214>Luisa Avanzo). The clone with the best tree morphology (I-MC) showed the highest percentage of tension wood (15.3%). Concerning the intra-tree variability, tension wood extent increased significantly at the tree base (< 30-50 cm). In the radial direction of the stem, the percentage of tension wood showed an U-shape distribution. The first peak, close to the pith, corresponds to the "establishment growth period" during the open growth and the second peak, close to the bark corresponds to the "competition growth period". tension wood / poplar / variability / cultivar / secondary growth Résumé -Présence de bois de tension dans trois variétés de Populus × euramericana. Partie I : Variabilité inter-clonale et intra-arbre du bois de tension. Le principal problème de qualité affectant les peupliers est la présence de bois de tension associée aux fentes à l'abattage, aux déformations des sciages, ou au bois pelucheux… L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'estimer la distribution du bois de tension à partir de la forme détaillée de l'arbre et de son empilement de cernes en 3D. Cet article est le premier d'une série de deux, où nous présentons la variabilité inter-clonale et intra-arbre du bois de tension. L'analyse de la variabilité du pourcentage surfacique de bois de tension met en évidence un fort effet clone (I-MC>I214>Luisa Avanzo) et montre aussi que le clone avec la meilleure conformation morphologique (I-MC) présente la proportion de bois de tension plus élevée (15.3 %). En ce qui concerne la variabilité intra-arbre, la proportion de bois de tension présente une augmentation significative à la base de l'arbre (< 30-50 cm). Dans la direction radiale, la distribution du bois de tension présente une structure bi-modale en forme de « U ». Le premier mode du côté de la moelle correspondrait à une phase de croissance libre, dite phase « d'établissement » et le second du côté de l'écorce à une phase de recherche de la lumière dite « phase de compétition ». bois de tension / peuplier / variabilité / cultivar / croissance secondaire

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“…I). All environmental factors traditionally reported in the literature as causal agents of stem curvatures (wind, snow, and soil creeping) [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] could be related to the three site attributes analysed in the present study. However, a problem of spatial scale can obstruct the analysis of this result and no relationship between stem straightness and altitude, slope or exposure of the sites could be found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Stand and tree characteristics could be modified by thinning, improving stem quality if an adequate selection is applied. Moreover, thinning is in relation to the formation of compression wood, associated with reorientation processes [5,34,44]. Root characteristics and deformations are also reported as influenced factors in stem straightness because of the relationships between root system and tree stability in first ages, particularly in plantations [12,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of individual tree and stand attributes in stem straightness inPinus pinasterAit. stands

et al. 2004

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-The potential relationships between stem straightness and site, and both individual and stand attributes were studied in Pinus pinaster Ait. stands. To this effect, 32 plots encompassing different densities and sites of varying quality were laid out in mature stands. In a young stand, a completely randomised design with 9 plots was set up in order to compare three regeneration densities. During the study numerous saplings were bent down by heavy snowfalls. Data analysis using multinomial logistic regression failed to show any relationship between stem straightness and the attributes under study in mature stands. In young stands, however, stem straightness appeared to be influenced by the height/diameter ratio as well as by the total height and the density of the stand at the time of the snowfalls. High density plots were severely affected by snow and consistently contained the least satisfactory instances in terms of stem straightness. stem straightness / Pinus pinaster / regeneration density / height-diameter ratio / snowfall Résumé -Influence des caractéristiques des arbres individuels et des peuplements sur la rectitude du tronc dans les peuplements de Pinus pinaster Ait. Le rapport entre la rectitude du tronc et les caractéristiques du site, des arbres individuels et des peuplements a été étudié dans des peuplements de Pinus pinaster Ait. On a mesuré 32 parcelles dans des peuplements matures couvrant des sites de différentes densités et qualités. On a établi tout à fait au hasard, dans un jeune peuplement, un modèle comprenant 9 parcelles dans le but de comparer trois densités de régénération. Pendant cette étude, des chutes de neige ont plié un nombre élevé d'arbres dans les jeunes parcelles. L'utilisation de la régression logistique polynomiale n'a pas permis d'établir de rapport dans les peuplements matures entre la rectitude du tronc et les caractéristiques étudiées. Dans les peuplements jeunes, la rectitude du tronc a été influencée par le rapport hauteur/diamètre ainsi que par la hauteur totale et la densité du peuplement après les chutes de neige. Les parcelles à densité élevée ont été davantage touchées par la neige et montraient des troncs moins droits.rectitude du tronc / Pinus pinaster / densité de régénération / rapport hauteur-diamètre / chutes de neige

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Qualification de la forme de deux pins maritimes en liaison avec la structure de leur bois

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Tension wood occurrence in three cultivars of Populus × euramericana. Part I: Inter-clonal and intra-tree variability of tension wood

Influence of individual tree and stand attributes in stem straightness inPinus pinasterAit. stands

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