Pythiosis in the Nasal Cavity of Horses

Souto, Erick Platiní Ferreira de; Maia, Lisanka Ângelo; Olinda, Robério Gomes; Galiza, Glauco José Nogueira de; Kommers, Gláucia D.; Miranda-Neto, E.G.; Dantas, Antônio Flávio Medeiros; Riet-Correa, Franklin

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.06.005

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pulmonary pythiosis has been described in a Panthera onca (Camus et al 2004) and in horses (Goad 1984, Reis Junior et al 2003, Souto et al 2016, being mainly associated to the inhalation of the agent in water and/or ingestion with subsequent aspiration of infective material (Goad 1984). It is possible that the lesion observed was associated to a nasal infection, since it has been reported previously in horses (Reis Junior et al 2003, Vaz et al 2009, Souto et al 2016, but grossly the origin of this lesion was not determined. In addition to that, some authors have described previous cutaneous lesions that would allow the hematogenous dissemination of the pathogen to internal organs, such as the lungs, through detached hyphal segments of P. insidiosum (Reis Junior et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pythiosis is a tropical to subtropical disease caused by Pythium insidiosum that mostly affects horses (Mendoza et al 1996), and lesions are usually cutaneous to subcutaneous (Souto et al 2016). This condition is considered endemic in the Brazilian Pantanal (Leal et al 2001) and in the Rio Grande do Sul state (Weiblen et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This condition is considered endemic in the Brazilian Pantanal (Leal et al 2001) and in the Rio Grande do Sul state (Weiblen et al 2016). Pulmonary pythiosis has been described in a Panthera onca (Camus et al 2004) and in horses (Goad 1984, Reis Junior et al 2003, Souto et al 2016, being mainly associated to the inhalation of the agent in water and/or ingestion with subsequent aspiration of infective material (Goad 1984). It is possible that the lesion observed was associated to a nasal infection, since it has been reported previously in horses (Reis Junior et al 2003, Vaz et al 2009, Souto et al 2016, but grossly the origin of this lesion was not determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lung lesions of slaughtered horses in southern Brazil

et al. 2018

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Respiratory diseases cause significant veterinary costs, reduce performance and require withdrawal of horses. Yet, studies of the causes of pneumonia in horses are scant. This study aimed to describe the pathological and microbiological features of lung lesions in slaughtered horses in southern Brazil. In this study, 84 samples of lungs were examined, and a conclusive diagnosis was obtained in 74 cases. These were composed of bronchopneumonia in 50 cases, followed by granulomatous eosinophilic pneumonia (9/74), recurrent airway obstruction (7/74), lung fibrosis (4/74), lung hemorrhage (3/74) and pulmonary pythiosis (1/74). Bronchopneumonia had grossly firm focally extensive yellow to dark-red areas, which consisted microscopically of multifocal to coalescing infiltrate of degenerate neutrophils. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was identified in 21 of the 50 cases. Granulomatous eosinophilic pneumonia had multifocal pinpoint firm-hard yellow areas, which microscopically were composed of granulomas with a mineralized center surrounded by collagen fibers and severe infiltrate of eosinophils. Recurrent airway obstruction had mild multifocal pinpoint firm white areas that consisted microscopically of large amounts of mucus inside bronchi and bronchiole. Lung fibrosis had two patterns: focally extensive areas of consolidation and firm nodular areas. Microscopically, the first pattern had interstitial to peribronchial fibrosis, while the second had, in addition to the interstitial fibrosis, a severe pneumocyte hyperplasia and an alveolar infiltrate of neutrophils and macrophages with rare intranuclear inclusion bodies (equine herpesvirus 5, EHV-5). Pulmonary pythiosis presented a focal firm nodular area, with multiple kunkers observed in the cut surface, which corresponded microscopically to areas of necrosis surrounded by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. At the periphery of the necrotic areas, multiple negatively stained hyphae were observed, which were evidenced through Grocott’s stain and immunohistochemistry anti-Pythium insidiosum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lung lesions of slaughtered horses in southern Brazil

et al. 2018

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“…Lower seroprevalence (0.7 vs. 11.1%) and fewer horses than in the Rio Grande do Sul State of Brazil (6,353 vs. 550,000) [25,27] explain why the number of horses with pythiosis in Thailand is minimal with just one case reported to date [28] vs. hundreds of Brazilian horses reported with the disease [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The striking difference in seroprevalences of the Thai (0.7%) and Brazilian (11.1%) horses could imply that Thai people, by comparison, might have a lower chance of having environmental exposure to P. insidiosum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An initial survey of 150 horses from Thailand for anti-Pythium insidiosum antibodies

Htun

Laikul

Pathomsakulwong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives: Pythium insidiosum causes a deadly condition, called pythiosis, in humans and other animals. The organism has been identified in tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Since 1985, human pythiosis has been increasingly reported from Thailand. Seroprevalence studies estimated that ~32,000 Thai people have been exposed to the pathogen. In 2018, the first animal pythiosis case in Thailand was diagnosed in a horse. In this study, we surveyed anti-P. insidiosum antibodies in a sample of the Thai equine population. Results: Serum samples were available from 150 out of 6,353 registered horses distributed across Thailand. ELISA detected the anti-P. insidiosum antibodies in three horses. Immunochromatography and Western blot confirmed the presence of the antibodies in one of the ELISA-positive horses. Based on one positive out of 150 tested, the Pythium seroprevalence in the Thai equine population was 0.7%, which is 10 times higher than that of the Thai human population. The seroprevalence of the anti-P. insidiosum antibodies in a small sample of horses suggests a higher incidence of pythiosis in horses than in humans. Larger studies will be necessary to obtain the full picture of the epidemiology of animal pythiosis in Thailand.

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“…Nessa espécie, a principal forma de apresentação é a cutânea/subcutânea [10], com ocasional envolvimento dos linfonodos [2] e do tecido ósseo [3] adjacentes. A doença foi descrita ainda, nessa espécie, sob as formas pulmonar [5], intestinal [1] e nasal [14]. O comprometimento das glândulas mamárias não foi devidamente caracterizado.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Mastitis by Pythium insidiosum in Mares

Souto

Maia

Assis

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease has been reported in several species, but most cases occur in horses. In this species, the cutaneous form is more prevalent, with occasional involvement of adjacent lymph nodes and bone tissue. The involvement of the mammary glands was not properly characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe cases of pythiosis with the involvement of the mammary glands in mares. Case: A retrospective study of all biopsy samples and necropsy examinations of horses, performed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande from January 2000 to December 2018, was carried out. During the study period, 142 cases of cutaneous pythiosis were identified. Of these, in three the lesions extended to the mammary glands. Mares with 3-, 7-and 12-year-old, mongrel, from the backlands of the Paraiba were affected. On physical examination, the mares presented swollen mammary glands and multifocal wounds, which discharge serosanguinolent secretion. Clinical evolution ranged from 15 to 30 days. The animals had been medicated, but the wounds did not heal and mastectomies were performed. Macroscopically, the mammary glands were enlarged and with multifocal areas of ulceration measuring 1 to 3.5 cm in diameter. At the cut surface, they exhibited fistulous tracts containing kunkers. In the histopathological evaluation, was observed diffuse and marked inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils extending through the deep dermis and interlobular mammary stroma; and multifocal areas, sometimes focally extensive, of eosinophilic necrosis with intralesional negative images of hyphae. In histological sections stained by periodic acid-Schiff, the walls of the hyphae were weakly stained in blue; but when impregnated by Grocott methenamine silver, they were strongly marked in black and were characterized by semi-parallel walls, rare septations and branching, and a diameter varying from 3-8 μm. At immunohistochemistry, the hyphae showed strong cytoplasmic and wall immunostaining for the anti-P. insidiosum antibody. Discussion: The diagnosis of mastitis by Pythium insidiosum was established based on the epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Lesions in horses are more frequently located at the extremities of the limbs and the ventral portion of the thoracoabdominal wall. In these cases, it is likely that the lesions have started on the skin adjacent to the udder and have extended to the mammary parenchyma. The intralesional structures known as kunkers have been described in horses, mules, donkeys, and camels, being absent in the other animal species affected. The kunkers are always present in equine pythiosis and allow the establishment of an accurate presumptive diagnosis. Clinically important findings include wounds that discharge serosanguineous secretions and do not heal through conventional treatments. Histological lesions characterized by areas of eosinophilic n...

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Pythiosis in the Nasal Cavity of Horses

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Lung lesions of slaughtered horses in southern Brazil

Lung lesions of slaughtered horses in southern Brazil

An initial survey of 150 horses from Thailand for anti-Pythium insidiosum antibodies

Mastitis by Pythium insidiosum in Mares

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