Pyrolysis oil substituted epoxy resin: Improved ratio optimization and crosslinking efficiency

Celikbag, Yusuf; Robinson, Thomas J.; Via, Brian K.; Adhikari, Sushil; Auad, Marı́a L.

doi:10.1002/app.42239

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Recent studies have focused on utilizing bio-oil to either physically blend with epoxy or synthesized epoxy resin. The results from these findings suggested that the hydroxyl groups found in bio-oil reacted with the epoxide groups to form cross-linked copolymer network structures [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Comparative lap-shear strength of bio-oil-based epoxy resins to commercial grade epoxy resin has also been reported using southern pine (loblolly) as a substrate [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Based Epoxy as an Adhesive in Oriented Strand Board Production

et al. 2022

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The objectives of this study were to utilize bio-oil-based epoxy resin in oriented strand board (OSB) production and investigate the effect of bio-oil substitution in epoxy resin as an adhesive for OSB production. Bio-oil was produced by the fast pyrolysis (FP) process using southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.). Bio-oil-based epoxy resin was synthesized by the modification of epoxy resin with FP bio-oil at various substitution levels. Acetone extraction using a Soxhlet process indicated a superior cured reaction of bio-oil and epoxy resin at 20% bio-oil substitution. FTIR spectra corroborated the Soxhlet extraction with the removal of the epoxide peak signature within the cross-linked polymer. Images from the scanning electron microscopy suggested bulk phase homogeneity. OSB panels were tested according to ASTM D1037-12. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength, and water resistance (thickness swell and water absorption) properties of the OSB panels were feasible at bio-oil substitution up to 30% in the epoxy resin system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Based Epoxy as an Adhesive in Oriented Strand Board Production

et al. 2022

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“…Wood-derived bio-oil was successfully used to decrease formaldehyde emissions from UF resins during the making of wood-based panels [ 14 ]. Bio-oil was pretreated by acetone and then reacted with epoxy for wood bonding, and it was possible to replace the epoxy with bio-oil of as much as 50 wt % while satisfying usage requirements [ 15 , 16 ]. Pyrolysis bio-oil was also used to synthesize the bio-oil phenol formaldehyde (BPF) resins for glass fiber (GF)-reinforced BPF (GF/BPF) resin composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparation and Characterization of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Resorcinol-Aldehyde Resin Cold-Set Adhesives for Wood Construction

Ren

Cai

et al. 2017

Polymers

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Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin is a kind of excellent exterior-grade wood structural adhesive, which can be conveniently cold-set for various applications. In order to decrease the production cost, pyrolysis bio-oil from renewable bioresources was used to replace resorcinol to synthesize the bio-oil-resorcinol-aldehyde (BRF) resin. The effect of replacing resorcinol with bio-oil on the properties, bonding performance, and characterization of resorcinol-aldehyde resin was comparatively investigated. A higher solid content and viscosity, albeit a lower shear strength, was found when the replacement ratio of bio-oil increased. The bonding performance of BRF with 10 and 20 wt % bio-oil was close to that of the pure RF resin. However, the trends of being less cross-linked, more easily decomposed, but more porous were found when the substitution ratio of bio-oil was higher than 20 wt %. Interestingly, it was found that the wood failure values of the BRF resins with bio-oil of no more than 20 wt % were slightly higher than that of the pure RF resin. On the whole, BRF resins with 20 wt % bio-oil is recommended as a wood structural adhesive, comprehensively considering the bio-oil substitution ratio and resin properties. The results obtained here showed that pyrolysis bio-oil is a promising green raw material for the production of RF resin with lower cost.

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“…Fast pyrolysis bio‐oil, from hardwood (Oak), was supplied by the Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Alabama, United States. The pyrolysis conditions are described by Celikbag et al in a recently published document . α‐RA or 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (α‐RA, ≥ 98%), epichlorohydrin (99.0%), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥ 98%), were purchased from VWR (USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast pyrolysis bio‐oil as precursor of thermosetting epoxy resins

Sibaja

Adhikari²,

Celikbag

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Fast pyrolysis bio‐oil was employed as a source of phenolic compounds in the production of a bio‐based polymeric network. The bio‐oil was reacted with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium using benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a phase transfer catalyst. The amount of free phenolic hydroxyl groups before and after modification was quantified through 31P‐NMR spectroscopy; and the epoxy content of the bio‐oil upon the chemical functionalization was measured by means of a titration using HBr in acetic acid solution. Grafting of epoxy functions onto the monomer`s structure was studied by FTIR. Likewise, α‐resorcylic acid was also modified with reactive epoxy moieties, and used as low molecular weight comonomer. The epoxidized derivatives of the bio‐oil were cured in epoxy polymers with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine. Thermo‐mechanical characterization showed that the obtained materials behave as thermoset amorphous polymers, exhibiting modulus values ranging from approximately 1.5–3.4 GPa at room temperature and glass transition temperatures above 100°C. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1296–1307, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Pyrolysis oil substituted epoxy resin: Improved ratio optimization and crosslinking efficiency

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Based Epoxy as an Adhesive in Oriented Strand Board Production

Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Based Epoxy as an Adhesive in Oriented Strand Board Production

The Preparation and Characterization of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Resorcinol-Aldehyde Resin Cold-Set Adhesives for Wood Construction

Fast pyrolysis bio‐oil as precursor of thermosetting epoxy resins

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