Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Based Epoxy as an Adhesive in Oriented Strand Board Production

Asafu-Adjaye, Osei; Street, Jason; Bensode, Archana; Auad, Marı́a L.; Peresin, María Soledad; Adhikari, Sushil; Liles, Terry; Via, Brian K.

doi:10.3390/polym14061244

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…With respect to bio-oil, studies have focused on blending it with epoxy resin. The results from these findings have confirmed the comparative lap-shear strength of bio-oil-based epoxy resins to commercial-grade epoxy resin and higher resistance to moisture [7].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Influence of Biochar and Bio-Oil Loading on the Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites

et al. 2023

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In this study, we evaluated the use of bio-oil and biochar on epoxy resin. Bio-oil and biochar were obtained from the pyrolysis of wheat straw and hazelnut hull biomass. A range of bio-oil and biochar proportions on the epoxy resin properties and the effect of their substitution were investigated. TGA curves showed improved thermal stability for degradation temperature at the 5% (T5%), 10% (T10%), and 50% (T50%) weight losses on bioepoxy blends with the incorporation of bio-oil and biochar with respect to neat resin. However, decreases in the maximum mass loss rate temperature (Tmax) and the onset of thermal degradation (Tonset) were obtained. Raman characterization showed that the degree of reticulation with the addition of bio-oil and biochar does not significantly affect chemical curing. The mechanical properties were improved when bio-oil and biochar were incorporated into the epoxy resin. All bio-based epoxy blends showed a large increase in Young’s modulus and tensile strength with respect to neat resin. Young’s modulus was approximately 1955.90 to 3982.05 MPa, and the tensile strength was between 8.73 and 13.58 MPa for bio-based blends of wheat straw. Instead, in bio-based blends of hazelnut hulls, Young´s modulus was 3060.02 to 3957.84 MPa, and tensile strength was 4.11 to 18.11 Mpa.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Liquefied wood has high reactivity because of the large amount of phenolic OH groups and alcoholic OH groups [1,[4][5][6]. Other studies reported the use of wood pyrolysis bio-oil [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Biochar and Bio-Oil Loading on the Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites

et al. 2023

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“…It is difficult to distinguish them from the catechols because the NMR signals partially overlap. Therefore, we assumed that the 3-methoxycatechol signal is located close to the syringyl group and that the remaining catechols could be assigned to the guaiacyl group. , Due to the low mass of extracted biocrude, only four sample analyses and the feedstock analysis (extracted lignin) could be meaningfully evaluated. Nevertheless, the results of the 31 P NMR analysis are very interesting and fit well with the previous results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Pulp to Aromatic Products─Reaction Pathways of Lignin Depolymerization

Wörner,

Barsuhn,

Zevaco

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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This study investigated the depolymerization of lignin into aromatic monomer compounds under hydrothermal conditions. A reaction scheme highlighting secondary alkylation reactions as well as the molecular weight shift was developed based on the experimental data. Lignin is produced in large quantities in paper production and dissolved in what is known as black liquor (BL). To avoid lignin recovery as an additional process step, BL is used directly as feedstock in the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in this work. We performed various batch experiments in micro autoclaves with BL and model substances at different reaction temperatures (T R = 250−400 °C) and a holdingtime of t R = 20 min, as well as continuous experiments (T R = 325−375 °C, t R = 20 min). We were able to show that different derivatives of catechols are the main products among the monomers in our process. With the help of the model substance experiments, we were able to work out three main reactions: demethoxylation, demethylation, and alkylation. This behavior could be observed in the case of BL from hardwood as well as from softwood. 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis has shown that these reactions take place on aromatic monomers as well as on larger aromatic oligomer structures. At higher temperatures, a large fraction of the carbon ends up in the solid product, while the yields of the monomers decrease sharply. 13 C NMR spectroscopy of the solid material shows that the monomers are probably incorporated into the solid phase by repolymerization. We were also able to see this effect using size exclusion chromatography analysis based on the relative molecular weight. From all of the analytical results of the products, a reaction scheme was developed that describes the reaction pathways of the lignin during HTL. Based on this, a reaction kinetic model can be developed in the next step.

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“…These derivatives can serve as an alternative reagent during polymer resin synthesis. [8][9][10] In addition to material development, thoughtful structural design plays a significant role in creating sustainable building components. Three-dimensional printing (3DP), also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has proven to be one of the key sustainable technologies for constructing buildings as it reduces material waste and facilitates efficient, customized design at a lower cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-isothermal Curing Kinetic Studies of Novolac Type Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin for 3D Printing of Sustainable Building Design

Bansode,

Vega Erramuspe,

Portilla Villarreal

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Novolac phenol-formaldehyde resins have gained extensive commercial utilization across diverse applications due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance properties. In this investigation, we successfully synthesized a traditional novolac, and a biobased novolac phenol-formaldehyde resin by partially substituting phenol with a bio-oil obtained from the organic phase resulting from the fast pyrolysis of pinewood biomass. Despite extensive investigations into the curing behavior of novolac resins crosslinked with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) through numerous model-fitting cure kinetic studies, a comprehensive model for predicting the crosslinking of bio-based phenol-formaldehyde resins in the presence of HMTA has not yet been studied. The primary objective of this research was to compare and apply several commonly used kinetic models to predict the degree of curing and cure rate of the synthesized resins, using DSC dynamic measurements. Our results demonstrated that the autocatalytic model exhibited excellent fitting for the traditional novolac resin and HMTA mixture, while the Kamal model showed better fitting with the experimental data obtained for the bio-based phenol-formaldehyde resin and HMTA system. In addition, the results evidenced a significant drop in the curing temperature by partially replacing phenol with bio-oil. Additionally, the results revealed a notable reduction in curing temperature when phenol was partially substituted with bio-oil. This substitution not only offers environmental benefits but also promotes energy efficiency and enhances production safety. The data collected in this study is pivotal for our subsequent research endeavors, which aim to develop environmentally sustainable materials optimized for use in 3D printing manufacturing processes.

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Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Based Epoxy as an Adhesive in Oriented Strand Board Production

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Biochar and Bio-Oil Loading on the Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites

Influence of Biochar and Bio-Oil Loading on the Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites

From Pulp to Aromatic Products─Reaction Pathways of Lignin Depolymerization

A Non-isothermal Curing Kinetic Studies of Novolac Type Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin for 3D Printing of Sustainable Building Design

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