The Preparation and Characterization of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Resorcinol-Aldehyde Resin Cold-Set Adhesives for Wood Construction

Abstract

Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin is a kind of excellent exterior-grade wood structural adhesive, which can be conveniently cold-set for various applications. In order to decrease the production cost, pyrolysis bio-oil from renewable bioresources was used to replace resorcinol to synthesize the bio-oil-resorcinol-aldehyde (BRF) resin. The effect of replacing resorcinol with bio-oil on the properties, bonding performance, and characterization of resorcinol-aldehyde resin was comparatively investigated. A higher solid content and viscosity, albeit a lower shear strength, was found when the replacement ratio of bio-oil increased. The bonding performance of BRF with 10 and 20 wt % bio-oil was close to that of the pure RF resin. However, the trends of being less cross-linked, more easily decomposed, but more porous were found when the substitution ratio of bio-oil was higher than 20 wt %. Interestingly, it was found that the wood failure values of the BRF resins with bio-oil of no more than 20 wt % were slightly higher than that of the pure RF resin. On the whole, BRF resins with 20 wt % bio-oil is recommended as a wood structural adhesive, comprehensively considering the bio-oil substitution ratio and resin properties. The results obtained here showed that pyrolysis bio-oil is a promising green raw material for the production of RF resin with lower cost.

Novel cannabinoid release system: Encapsulation of a cannabidiol precursor into γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks

“…The spectrum of olivetol showed the characteristic peaks of this drug according to the literature at 690 cm − 1 , 830 cm − 1 , 1145 cm − 1 , 1210 cm − 1 , 1310 cm − 1 , 1376 cm − 1 , 1477 cm − 1 , 1600 cm − 1 , 1628 cm − 1 , 2858 cm − 1 , 2929 cm − 1 and 3240 cm − 1 (Fig. 4A) [42][43][44]. At 690 cm − 1 and 830 cm − 1 wavenumbers, two peaks from CH out of plane deformations were observed because of the triple substitution in one, three and five carbon positions in the benzene ring of the OLV.…”

Comparison of dehydration methods for untreated lignin resole by hot air oven and vacuum rotary evaporator to synthesize lignin-based phenolic foam

“…The peak at 1112 cm −1 indicates C–H stretching vibrations in different groups of lignin [ 34 ]. C–H aliphatic bonds are detected at 880 cm −1 and the C–H aromatic bonds of phenol can be observed at 828 cm −1 , 758 cm −1 , and 694 cm −1 [ 27 , 33 , 35 ].

Figure 3 FTIR spectra of PR, LR-5–15 (HAO), and LR-5–15 (VRE) resoles.

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Value-added biocarbon production through slow pyrolysis of mixed bio-oil wastes: studies on their physicochemical characteristics and structure–property–processing co-relation

“…3 TGA FTIR analysis of (a) 3D plot of MBO and (b) hot volatile released during pyrolysis of MBO Fig. 4 FTIR spectrum of MBO recognized as the stretching of C-O that indicates an attendance of alcohol and aliphatic ethers [41]. The peaks originating within 500-900 cm −1 represented an aromatic C-H stretching vibration that exhibited attendance of poly and mono aromatic in the bio-oil [21].…”