Pyrolysis of Plastics to Liquid Fuel Using Sulphated Zirconium Hydroxide Catalyst

Panda, Achyut K.; Alotaibi, Abdullah A.; Kozhevnikov, Ivan V.; Shiju, N. Raveendran

doi:10.1007/s12649-019-00841-4

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A recent study by Panda et al. on the pyrolysis of PP, HDPE, LDPE, and mixed plastics by employing a sulphated zirconium catalyst at a temperature range of 400–500 °C showed a production of low yield of condensates that have low viscosity products at a minimum temperature of 400 °C [81] . But when the temperature was increased to 450 and 475 °C the yield and viscosity of the products increased gradually, too.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Of Waste Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in the Pyrolysis of Non‐Degradable Waste Plastics

2021

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Waste plastics are non‐degradable constituents that can stay in the environment for centuries. Their large land space consumption is unsafe to humans and animals. Concomitantly, the continuous engineering of plastics, which causes depletion of petroleum, poses another problem since they are petroleum‐based materials. Therefore, energy recovering trough pyrolysis is an innovative and sustainable solution since it can be practiced without liberating toxic gases into the atmosphere. The most commonly used plastics, such as HDPE, LDPE (high‐ and low‐density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), and, to some extent, PC (polycarbonate), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), and PET (polyethylene terephthalate), are used for fuel oil recovery through this process. The oils which are generated from the wastes showed caloric values almost comparable with conventional fuels. The main aim of the present review is to highlight and summarize the trends of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic into valuable fuel products through manipulating the operational parameters that influence the quality or quantity of the recovered results. The properties and product distribution of the pyrolytic fuels and the depolymerization reaction mechanisms of each plastic and their byproduct composition are also discussed.

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Section: Pyrolysis Of Waste Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in the Pyrolysis of Non‐Degradable Waste Plastics

2021

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“…Above 435 °C, dehydroxylation of coordinated and structural water loss occurs which is complete at 600 °C. Thermal degradation behavior of polyethylene was reported by Panda et al (2019) and it was stated that 50% weight loss, (T50) of polyethylene occurs in the range of temperature 400-500 °C. Hence, all the catalytic pyrolysis experiments with acid treated kaolin were performed in the range of 380-420 °C (i.e.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics into Liquid Hydrocarbon using Mesoporous Kaolin Clay

Rahman

Roy

Hassan

et al. 2020

J Bangladesh Acad Sci

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Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics into liquid hydrocarbon was conducted in a locally-made stainless steel reactor. Mesoporous kaolin clay treated with sulfuric acid in the concentration range of 3-7 M was used as a catalyst and waste polyethylene was the plastic feed. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern showed that the raw kaolin clay is crystalline. However, XRPD patterns of H2SO4 acid treated kaolin and Ni and Ru metal impregnated H2SO4 treated kaolin did not exhibit any characteristic diffraction peaks of kaolin. The acid treatment of kaolin causes leaching of Al3+ and results in disintegration of layered structure of kaolin, leading to the formation of Al2(SO4)3, SiO2, and amorphous phase. After 5 M H2SO4 acid treatment, the content of Al2O3 decreased significantly to 18.62%. The Si/Al ratio and specific surface area were found to increase after 5 M sulfuric acid treatment from 1.79 to 3.48 and 6.85 m2/g to 17.92 m2/g, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the 5 M H2SO4 acid treated kaolin clay showed the isotherm to be of type IV typical for mesoporous structure. Among 3, 5, and 7 M H2SO4 treated kaolin catalysts, the 3 M H2SO4 treated kaolin (at a catalyst to plastic feed ratio of 1:5) exhibited the highest activity with the yield of 83% liquid hydrocarbon. The Ru- and Ni-impregnated 5 M H2SO4 treated kaolin catalyst provided 76% and 79% yield, respectively of liquid hydrocarbon at a catalyst to plastic ratio of 1:5. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 1H NMR, and FTIR spectral analysis confirmed the presence of linear and branched alkanes and alkenes (C9-C20) in the end product obtained with 5 M H2SO4 treated kaolin catalyst. The produced liquid hydrocarbon was found to be free from aromatic compounds importantly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are potent mutagenic and carcinogenic. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1-12, 2020

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“…In particular, ZrO 2 has been studied because its acidity can be enhanced by treating the material with H 2 SO 4 [133] . By sulfating zirconia (SZ), the catalyst becomes more active for cracking, as well as several other reactions such as isomerization, esterification, and hydrocracking [133,134,225–229] . However, SZ was found to deactivate due to coke.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Chemical Valorization of Plastic Waste

2020

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, respectively. Her graduate research focused on the fundamental understanding of deoxygenation mechanisms for biomass probe molecules on single crystals and thin films. During her graduate career, she received the DOE Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) award (2019) and conducted surface science research at Brookhaven National Lab. She now is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on surface spectroscopy and controlled design of heterogeneous catalysts. Melissa C. Cendejas received her B.A. (2016) in Chemistry and English from Williams College. There, she worked on the synthesis of conjugated organic molecules and phosphorusbased surfactants. She then started her PhD in Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison under the supervision of Prof. Ive Hermans. She studies active site formation on boron-based catalysts. She received the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) award (2020) to perfrom in situ x-ray spectroscopy of catalysts at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsourse. Prof. Dr. Ive Hermans obtained his Ph.D. from KU Leuven University in Belgium in 2006. In addition to his scientific education, he also holds a postgraduate degree in Business Administration (KU Leuven, 2006). After postdoctoral research on in situ spectroscopy and reaction engineering with Prof. Alfons Baiker, he became assistant professor for heterogeneous catalysis (spring 2008) at ETH Zurich in Switzerland. January 2014, Prof. Hermans moved to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, holding a dual appointment in the Department of Chemistry and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. His group focuses on the mechanistic understanding of catalytic technology using a variety of techniques.

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Pyrolysis of Plastics to Liquid Fuel Using Sulphated Zirconium Hydroxide Catalyst

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Recent Trends in the Pyrolysis of Non‐Degradable Waste Plastics

Recent Trends in the Pyrolysis of Non‐Degradable Waste Plastics

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics into Liquid Hydrocarbon using Mesoporous Kaolin Clay

The Use of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Chemical Valorization of Plastic Waste

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