Pyroelectric properties of AH₂PO₄(A═H, K) and L-alanine doped TGS

Characterization of phosphoric acid doped TGS single crystals

“…The elongation in the shape of the domains may be attributed to the linear and volume defects introduced in the crystal due to H 3 PO 4 doping [19]. In comparison to TGS, the TGSP crystals have exhibited a wide variation in the domain sizes and also show a higher domain density (Table 1) in agreement with earlier observations [7]. Specifically, for crystals grown with 20-25% doping concentration, large sized (40 mm) domains (Fig.…”

“…X-ray powder diffraction data of TGS and TGSP samples were obtained using a Philips (PW1830) diffractometer. Changes in the domain structure were observed on the cleaved ''ac'' plane by optical microscopy at a magnification  500 similar to the method reported earlier [7,[12][13]. Electrical properties were studied by applying air drying silver paint to the cleaved faces.…”

“…Even at a very low concentration level of H 3 PO 4 , a significant improvement in the pyroelectric coefficient, lowering of the dielectric permittivity at transition temperature (T c ) and increase in the coercive field of the TGS crystal have been reported [7][8][9]. The replacement of sulfur by phosphorus in the lattice introduces asymmetry in the P2E hysteresis loop [9].…”

Temperature Dependencies of Piezoelectric Coefficients of L-Alanine Doped TGS Crystals

“…The application of pure TGS crystals presents a serious problem in that the crystals depolarise with time [3]. The addition of different substances into the TGS has been tested to improve the crystal properties by contributing to the effective internal bias in these crystals [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The properties of these modified crystals (LATGS, LLTGS, DTGS, TGSP, TGSK, Pt + TGS, .…”

Enhanced thermal and pyroelectric properties in 0–3 TGS:PVDF composites doped with graphene for infrared application

“…It is expected that the 0-3 composites will exhibit a relative high pyroelectric coefficient with an excellent mechanical strength, formability, flexibility, and stability due to the polymer matrix. 8 In this work, ferroelectric TGS single crystal, 9 which has a high pyroelectric coefficient, low relative permittivity, and dielectric loss factor, is an excellent material used in infrared detective area. Therefore, TGS single crystal particles are selected as filler particles for the development of pyroelectric composites.…”