Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (phospholipoproteinosis) in a dog

Jefferies, A. R.; Dunn, J. K.; Dennis, Ruth

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb05987.x

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4,12 PAP has been diagnosed in a 1-year-old Cocker Spaniel. 18 This dog presented for shifting leg lameness, intermittent pyrexia, and weight loss. Progressive exercise intolerance and respiratory embarrassment later developed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Dog

Silverstein

Greene

Gregory

et al. 2000

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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A 3½-year-old male Shih Tzu dog was examined by a referring veterinarian at the University of Georgia Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA, for chronic exercise intolerance since 6 months of age and coughing of 4 months' duration. The dog's medical history included mild seborrhea sicca and seasonal atopic dermatitis, treated with dietary modification and parenteral triamcinolone injections every 2-3 months. The dog had been treated with a 2-week course of tetracycline (15 mg/kg PO q8h) 3 months before examination for lethargy, fever, and weakness in conjunction with high serum immunoglobulin G titers to Borrelia burgdorferi (1,024; reference range, Ͻ256) and Rickettsia rickettsii (128; reference range, Ͻ64). The dog also received amoxicillin and clavulanate (20 mg/ kg PO q12h) for 10 days 4 months before referral and enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, PO q12h) for 10 days 7 weeks before referral. No improvement was seen with any of these therapies. Hematologic abnormalities present during this time included a persistent neutrophilic leukocytosis with an inconsistent lymphocytosis and eosinophilia.At the time of referral, examination revealed the dog to be bright, alert, and responsive. Rectal temperature was slightly high (102.8ЊF [39.3ЊC]; reference range, 99.5-102.5ЊF [37.5-39.2ЊC]). The dog had a normal pulse rate (130 beats/min; reference range, 110-130 beats/min) and increases in respiratory rate (50 breaths/min; reference range, 15-30 breaths/min). Lung sounds were increased in intensity, and the dog had an easily induced dry, hacking cough.Abnormalities on hematologic testing included a leukocytosis (23.4 ϫ 10 3 cells/L; reference range, 5.1-13.0 cells/L) with a mature neutrophilia (18.3 ϫ 10 3 cells/L; reference range, 2.9-12.0 cells/L) and eosinophilia (2.1 ϫ 10 3 cells/L; reference range, 0.0-1.3 cells/L). Serum total protein (7.6 g/dL; reference range, 5.4-7.5 g/dL) and globulin concentrations (4.2 g/dL; reference range, 1.9-5.3 g/dL) were increased. Urinalysis was within normal limits. Fundic examination revealed no abnormalities. An interstitial lung pattern was seen on thoracic radiographs ( Fig 1A,B). No parasite ova were seen in feces examined by Sheather flotation or Baermann extraction. Cytologic findings of a transtracheal washing were of a moderate amount

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confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Dog

Silverstein

Greene

Gregory

et al. 2000

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare condition in humans that was initially described in 1958 . Although pulmonary alveolar proteinosis has only been reported in two dogs, it is considered one of the differential diagnoses for canine interstitial lung disease. The disease occurs when phospholipoproteinaceous material accumulates in alveoli, resulting in impaired gas exchange and a restrictive breathing pattern .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis are most commonly dyspneic and often have a cough. The first reported canine patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (a 1‐year‐old Cocker Spaniel) was lethargic and suffered from exercise intolerance and a fever . The second canine case involved a 3.5‐year‐old, male Shih Tzu with a 4‐month history of cough and a 3‐year history of exercise intolerance .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Diagnosis—pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Dog

Cummings

Spaulding

Scott

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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A young dog was presented for cyanosis and right heart failure. Radiographic and CT characteristics included right heart/pulmonary artery enlargement, hepatomegaly, abdominal effusion, and severe, generalized air-space filling. Focal increased opacities were present in the peripheral lung, as were multiple pulmonary blebs and bullae. Echocardiographic findings were consistent with cor pulmonale and pulmonary hypertension. Bronchoscopic findings were consistent with chronic inflammation. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) was confirmed at necropsy. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an interstitial lung disease that results in accumulation of phospholipoproteinaceous material and should be included as a differential diagnosis for dogs with these clinical and imaging characteristics.

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“…The incidence in humans is up to 6 cases per 1,000,000 people [1]. Though there are a few canine case reports of PAP [2][3][4], to the best of our knowledge PAP has not been described so far in the cat [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As this kitten had experienced respiratory problems since a very young age, a congenital anomaly was suspected. Because alveolar proteinosis has not yet been reported in the feline species and only a few case reports were found in the literature about dogs at the time of the clinical presentation [2][3][4][5], besides a thorough literature search, a human pediatric pulmonologist was consulted so as to look for potentially curable underlying diseases. Therapeutic lung lavage, which is the treatment of choice in humans with alveolar proteinosis [1,12,19], was considered to be a technically challenging procedure with an unacceptably high risk and presumably fatal outcome, as the kitten almost died during the diagnostic bronchial wash.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat

Szatmári

Teske

Nikkels

et al. 2015

1.5 Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease

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Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an extremely rare lung disease in animals and humans. It is characterized by the deposition of a large amount of phospholipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli. There are several possible etiologies, both congenital and acquired. Alveolar macrophages play an important role in the clearance of surfactant. This is the first report of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in the feline species. Case presentation: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was diagnosed in an 8-month-old cat with chronic tachypnea, failure to thrive and finally respiratory distress. The diagnosis was based on the milky appearance of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken under general anesthesia after bronchoscopy. Because of the worsening respiratory distress and development of anorexia the kitten was euthanized. Histopathology of the lungs showed alveoli and bronchi filled with eosinophilic material. Electron microscopy revealed lamellated intra-alveolar bodies. As the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was elevated in the serum and no autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were detected, a primary hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was suspected. The underlying cause was thought to be a dysfunction of the receptor of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, however, a mutation in the genes encoding the alpha and beta chains of this receptor has not been found. Conclusion: This is the first description of pulmonary alveolar protienosis in a cat. This kitten is thought to have a primary hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with a possible defect in the signalling pathway of the receptor of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The imaging and pathologic findings are similar to those of humans.

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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (phospholipoproteinosis) in a dog

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Dog

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Dog

Imaging Diagnosis—pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Dog

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat

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