Imaging Diagnosis—pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Dog

Cummings, Annelise C.; Spaulding, Kathy A.; Scott, Katherine D; Edwards, John F.

doi:10.1111/vru.12045

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The incidence in humans is up to 6 cases per 1,000,000 people [1]. Though there are a few canine case reports of PAP [2][3][4], to the best of our knowledge PAP has not been described so far in the cat [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As this kitten had experienced respiratory problems since a very young age, a congenital anomaly was suspected. Because alveolar proteinosis has not yet been reported in the feline species and only a few case reports were found in the literature about dogs at the time of the clinical presentation [2][3][4][5], besides a thorough literature search, a human pediatric pulmonologist was consulted so as to look for potentially curable underlying diseases. Therapeutic lung lavage, which is the treatment of choice in humans with alveolar proteinosis [1,12,19], was considered to be a technically challenging procedure with an unacceptably high risk and presumably fatal outcome, as the kitten almost died during the diagnostic bronchial wash.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat

Szatmári

Teske

Nikkels

et al. 2015

1.5 Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease

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Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an extremely rare lung disease in animals and humans. It is characterized by the deposition of a large amount of phospholipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli. There are several possible etiologies, both congenital and acquired. Alveolar macrophages play an important role in the clearance of surfactant. This is the first report of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in the feline species. Case presentation: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was diagnosed in an 8-month-old cat with chronic tachypnea, failure to thrive and finally respiratory distress. The diagnosis was based on the milky appearance of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken under general anesthesia after bronchoscopy. Because of the worsening respiratory distress and development of anorexia the kitten was euthanized. Histopathology of the lungs showed alveoli and bronchi filled with eosinophilic material. Electron microscopy revealed lamellated intra-alveolar bodies. As the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was elevated in the serum and no autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were detected, a primary hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was suspected. The underlying cause was thought to be a dysfunction of the receptor of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, however, a mutation in the genes encoding the alpha and beta chains of this receptor has not been found. Conclusion: This is the first description of pulmonary alveolar protienosis in a cat. This kitten is thought to have a primary hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with a possible defect in the signalling pathway of the receptor of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The imaging and pathologic findings are similar to those of humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat

Szatmári

Teske

Nikkels

et al. 2015

1.5 Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease

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“…Based on the young age of the affected individuals, congenital PAP was considered in 2 of the cases. 3,8 In one of the dog cases, the animal recovered after its third whole-lung lavage therapy. 6 Whole-lung lavage remains a standard treatment for this condition in animals and people.…”

Section: Research-article2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At postmortem examination, one of the dogs had evidence of right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension. 3 Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in human patients with PAP. 7,9 Additional deaths occur as a result of secondary infections that result from loss of the normal immunity roles of surfactant, as well as abnormalities in macrophage function that are frequently associated with PAP.…”

Section: Research-article2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian pulmonary proteinosis: six cases and a review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a disease of surfactant clearance in which functional abnormalities in alveolar macrophages lead to accumulation of surfactant within alveoli in mammals. Histologic examination of 6 avian autopsies, including 4 chickens, a turkey, and a cockatiel, revealed accumulation of hypereosinophilic densely arrayed lamellar material in the lungs that was magenta by periodic acid-Schiff stain and diastase resistant. Transmission electron microscopy of the proteinaceous material in 2 cases demonstrated alternating electron-dense and electron-lucent lamellae that formed whorls and had a regular periodicity of 6-14 nm, consistent with pulmonary surfactant. Given the anatomic differences between avian and mammalian lungs, we designated the presented condition "pulmonary proteinosis," which can be observed as both an incidental finding or, when severe, may be a contributing factor to death through respiratory failure.

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“…The incidence in humans is up to 6 cases per 1,000,000 people [ 1 ]. Though there are a few canine case reports of PAP [ 2 – 4 ], to the best of our knowledge PAP has not been described so far in the cat [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an extremely rare lung disease in animals and humans. It is characterized by the deposition of a large amount of phospholipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli. There are several possible etiologies, both congenital and acquired. Alveolar macrophages play an important role in the clearance of surfactant. This is the first report of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in the feline species.Case presentationPulmonary alveolar proteinosis was diagnosed in an 8-month-old cat with chronic tachypnea, failure to thrive and finally respiratory distress. The diagnosis was based on the milky appearance of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken under general anesthesia after bronchoscopy. Because of the worsening respiratory distress and development of anorexia the kitten was euthanized. Histopathology of the lungs showed alveoli and bronchi filled with eosinophilic material. Electron microscopy revealed lamellated intra-alveolar bodies. As the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was elevated in the serum and no autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were detected, a primary hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was suspected. The underlying cause was thought to be a dysfunction of the receptor of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, however, a mutation in the genes encoding the alpha and beta chains of this receptor has not been found.ConclusionThis is the first description of pulmonary alveolar protienosis in a cat. This kitten is thought to have a primary hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with a possible defect in the signalling pathway of the receptor of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The imaging and pathologic findings are similar to those of humans.

show abstract

Imaging Diagnosis—pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Dog

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat

Avian pulmonary proteinosis: six cases and a review of the literature

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat

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