Ptaquiloside and Pterosin B Levels in Mature Green Fronds and Sprouts of Pteridium arachnoideum

Ribeiro, Débora da Silva Freitas; Keller, Kelly Moura; Soto-Blanco, Benito

doi:10.3390/toxins12050288

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Cows that grazed bracken secreted dose‐dependent ptaquiloside in milk (Alonso‐Amelot, Castillo, Smith, & Lauren, 1996), and this compound was also found in the milk of goats and sheep (Virgilio et al., 2015) and in meat (Fletcher et al., 2011a, 2011b). The consumption of these products can lead to indirect human exposure to this substance (Ribeiro, Keller, & Soto‐Blanco, 2020; Shahin, Smith, & Prakash, 1999; Tourchi‐Roudsari, 2014; Virgilio et al., 2015). Bracken extract can cause cancer in mice (Alonso‐Amelot et al., 1996), and in humans, ptaquiloside can cause severe chromosomal abnormalities, and it is also a suspected carcinogen (Gomes et al., 2012; Tourchi‐Roudsari, 2014; Virgilio et al., 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnoveterinary for food‐producing animals and related food safety issues: A comprehensive overview about terpenes

Silva

Campanharo

Paschoal

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Alternatives to the use of conventional veterinary drugs in food‐producing animals have gained attention, such as the use of natural products (NPs), mainly to soften the risks to the animal, the environment, and consumer's health. Although NPs have consistent advantages over conventional drugs, they cannot be considered risk free under food safety matters. In this way, this document presents a comprehensive overview of the importance of considering both the pharmacological and toxicological properties of the constituents of a NP from plants intending the standardization and regulation of its use in food‐producing animals. Terpenes are the most diverse class of natural substances present in NP of vegetal origin with a broad range of biological activities that can be explored in veterinary science; however, certain plants and terpenes also have significant toxic effects, a fact that can harm the health of animals and consequently generate economic losses and risks for humans. In this context, this review gathered scientific data of vegetal species of importance to ethnoveterinary for food‐producing animals, which produce terpenes, its biological effects, and their implications on food safety issues for consumers. For this, more than 300 documents were selected from different online scientific databases. The present data and discussion may contribute to the rational commercial exploration of this class of NPs in veterinary medicine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnoveterinary for food‐producing animals and related food safety issues: A comprehensive overview about terpenes

Silva

Campanharo

Paschoal

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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“…The PTA concentrations are found in a wide interval, which is also explained by the understandable differences of many factors. Some aspects: The samples of P. arachnoideum from Brazil [ 34 ] are distributed in a very narrow interval: between 2.49 and 2.75 mg/g. Elsewhere (in Bolivia, for example), the PTA concentration interval of the plants of the different growing areas is very wide (ranges between 1.45 and 14.7 mg/g).…”

Section: Pta Contents and Distribution In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Norsesquiterpene Glycoside Ptaquiloside as a Poisonous, Carcinogenic Component of Certain Ferns

Vetter

2022

Molecules

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Previous studies related to the ptaquiloside molecule, a carcinogenic secondary metabolite known from the world of ferns, are summarised. Ptaquiloside (PTA) belongs to the group of norsesquiterpenes of the illudane type. The name illudane refers to the fungal taxa from which the first representatives of the molecular group were identified. Ptaquiloside occurs mainly in Pteridium fern species, although it is also known in other fern taxa. The species of the genus Pteridium are common, frequent invasive species on all continents, and PTA is formed in smaller or larger amounts in all organs of the affected species. The effects of PTA and of their derivatives on animals and humans are of great toxicological significance. Its basic chemical property is that the molecule can be transformed. First, with the loss of sugar moiety, ptaquilosine is formed, and then, under certain conditions, a dienone derivative (pteridienone) may arise. The latter can alkylate (through its cyclopropane groups) certain molecules, including DNA, in animal or human organisms. In this case, DNA adducts are formed, which can later have a carcinogenic effect through point mutations. The scope of the PTA is interdisciplinary in nature since, for example, molecules from plant biomass can enter the body of animals or humans in several ways (directly and indirectly). Due to its physico-chemical properties (excellent water solubility), PTA can get from the plant into the soil and then into different water layers. PTA molecules that enter the soil, but mainly water, undergo degradation (hydrolytic) processes, so it is very important to clarify the toxicological conditions of a given ecosystem and to estimate the possible risks caused by PTA. The toxicoses and diseases of the animal world (mainly for ruminant farm animals) caused by PTA are briefly described. The intake of PTA-containing plants as a feed source causes not only various syndromes but can also enter the milk (and meat) of animals. In connection with the toxicological safety of the food chain, it is important to investigate the transport of carcinogenic PTA metabolites between organisms in a reassuring manner and in detail. This is a global, interdisciplinary task. The present review aims to contribute to this.

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“…A common species in this area and in the general region of the Iberian Peninsula is bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) [24], which produces ptaquiloside [15]. Ptaquiloside is a carcinogen norsesquiterpene glucoside that is responsible for haemorrhagic disease and bright blindness in livestock and can produce gastric cancer in humans [25]. As can be seen in Figure 1, in this study the degradation product of ptaquiloside, ptaquilosin B (PTB) [26], was identified in 33% of the samples, while ptaquiloside was not detected.…”

Section: Tentatively Identified Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity

Picardo

Núñez

Farré

2020

Toxins

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This study presents the application of a suspect screening approach to screen a wide range of natural toxins, including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and plant toxins, in surface waters. The method is based on a generic solid-phase extraction procedure, using three sorbent phases in two cartridges that are connected in series, hence covering a wide range of polarities, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The acquisition was performed in the full-scan and data-dependent modes while working under positive and negative ionisation conditions. This method was applied in order to assess the natural toxins in the Ter River water reservoirs, which are used to produce drinking water for Barcelona city (Spain). The study was carried out during a period of seven months, covering the expected prior, during, and post-peak blooming periods of the natural toxins. Fifty-three (53) compounds were tentatively identified, and nine of these were confirmed and quantified. Phytotoxins were identified as the most frequent group of natural toxins in the water, particularly the alkaloids group. Finally, the toxins identified to levels 2 and 1 were prioritised according to their bioaccumulation factor, biodegradability, frequency of detection, and toxicity. This screening and prioritisation approach resulted in different natural toxins that should be further assessed for their ecotoxicological effects and considered in future studies.

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Ptaquiloside and Pterosin B Levels in Mature Green Fronds and Sprouts of Pteridium arachnoideum

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Ethnoveterinary for food‐producing animals and related food safety issues: A comprehensive overview about terpenes

Ethnoveterinary for food‐producing animals and related food safety issues: A comprehensive overview about terpenes

The Norsesquiterpene Glycoside Ptaquiloside as a Poisonous, Carcinogenic Component of Certain Ferns

Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity

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