Psychotherapy Relationships That Work

Abstract

Psychotherapist empathy has had a long and sometimes stormy history in psychotherapy. Proposed and codified by Rogers and his followers in the 1940's and 1950's, it was put forward as the foundation of helping skills training popularized in the 1960's and early 1970's. Claims concerning its universal effectiveness were treated with skepticism and came under intense scrutiny by psychotherapy researchers in the late 1970's and early 1980's. After that, research on empathy went into relative eclipse, resulting in a dearth of research between 1975 and 1995 (Watson, 2001; Duan & Hill, 1996). Since the mid-1990's, however, empathy has once again become a topic of scientific interest in developmental and social psychology (e.g., Bohart & Greenberg, 1997; Ickes 1997), particularly because empathy came to be seen as a major part of "emotional intelligence" (Goleman, 1985). We believe the time is ripe for the reexamination and rehabilitation of therapist empathy as a key change process in psychotherapy (Bohart & Greenberg, 1997). Indeed, the meta-analytic results we will present clearly support such a conclusion. The most important development in the past 10 years, however, is the emergence of active scientific research on the biological basis of empathy, as part of the new field of social neuroscience (Decety & Ickes, 2009), which we will address briefly in the next section. Definitions and Measures Defining Empathy The first problem with researching empathy in psychotherapy is that there is no consensual definition (Bohart & Greenberg, 1997; Duan & Hill, 1996; Batson, 2009). Recent neuroscience research on empathy begins to clarify some of the conceptual confusion, as a result of the concerted efforts of researchers using a variety of methods ranging from performance tasks, self-report, and neuropsychological assessment to fMRI and transcranial stimulation. Research examining the brain correlates of different component subprocesses of empathy (Decety & Ickes, 2009) has extended the initial discovery of "mirror neurons" in the motor

Tratamientos con apoyo empírico. Una aproximación a sus ventajas, imitaciones y propuestas de mejora

“…Herbert (2003) propone que el objetivo de la PBE se logra mejor con el desarrollo y difusión de guías, y que las listas de TAEs son innecesarias para ese proceso. Una guía podría incluir no sólo información sobre eficacia de tratamientos para trastornos, sino sobre aspectos axiológicos y praxiológicos, estrategias de evaluación, categorías diagnósticas con utilidad clínica, tratamientos perjudiciales (Lilienfeld, 2007), cuestiones sobre la relación terapéutica (Norcross, 2002), principios de cambio (Castonguay y Beutler, 2005), mecanismos causales, moderadores, micro-intervenciones, dificultades usuales, aspectos etiológicos, etc.…”

“…Ya existen revisiones de algunas de cuestiones tales como los efectos de la relación terapéutica (Norcross, 2002), y los principios de cambio con apoyo empírico (Castonguay y Beutler, 2005). No existe una oposición entre relación terapéutica y técnicas, ya que la relación terapéutica está compuesta por conductas recíprocas entre el paciente y el terapeuta, y por tanto, pueden aplicarse en ellas las técnicas de análisis y modificación de conducta (Kohlenberg y Tsai, 1991).…”

Psicoterapia sim! Eficácia, efectividade e psicoterapeutas (em Portugal)

“…Acresce-se ainda o facto de o factor único mais responsável pelo resultado terapêutico ser a qualidade da aliança terapêutica, independentemente de orientação teórica (Norcross, 2002).…”

El cambio terapeútico a través del modelo de asimilación : su aplicación en la terapia lingüística de evaluación = The therapeutic change through the assimilation model : it’s application in the linguistic therapy of evaluation

“…Incluso se ha llegado a considerar como un modelo «prometedor y posiblemente efectivo», en el marco de las relaciones terapéuticas empíricamente validadas (Castonguay y Beutler, 2006;Norcross, 2002). las cumplimentaran antes de iniciar la terapia propiamente dicha.…”