Psychosocial Factors Affecting Adults With Intellectual Disabilities With Psychiatric Disorders in Cali, Colombia

Verdugo, Miguel Á.; Córdoba, Leonor; Restrepo, Angélica Maria; Cardona, Julián Andrés Tamayo; Peña, Pilar

doi:10.1111/j.1741-1130.2009.00223.x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The underdiagnosis could be explained by a lack of knowledge or awareness among healthcare professionals about FXS and related pathologies, low clinical suspicion, and regional difficulties in accessing DNA molecular testing. Furthermore, it is also plausible that some families may be hesitant towards seeking medical care due to social stigma and negative stereotypes and views towards intellectual disabilities and developmental delays (Verdugo et al, 2009). The number of individuals with a clinical and/or molecular diagnosis of FXS who sought healthcare services in 2017 according to the Integrated System of Information of Social Protection (SISPRO) was only 73 (https://www.sispro.gov.co/central-gestion-del-conocimiento/Pages/construya-su-consulta-afiliaciones-en-salud.aspx).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underdiagnosis could be explained by a lack of knowledge or awareness among healthcare professionals about FXS and related pathologies, low clinical suspicion, and regional difficulties in accessing DNA molecular testing. Furthermore, it is also plausible that some families may be hesitant towards seeking medical care due to social stigma and negative stereotypes and views towards intellectual disabilities and developmental delays (Verdugo et al, 2009). According to a report on Social Inequities by the National Health Institute in 2015, not being affiliated to the healthcare system or belonging to the subsidized regimen is associated with greater barriers to healthcare access (Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inequities in diagnosis of Fragile X syndrome in Colombia

Saldarriaga

Cabal-Herrera

Fandiño-Losada

et al. 2021

Research Intellect Disabil

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Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disease inherited through the X chromosome and classified as a triplet repeat disorder with a special non-mendelian inheritance pattern, being the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism. It is caused by an unstable expansion of the CGG repeat in the promoter region of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 gene (FMR1), located at Xq27.3 which leads to silencing of the gene (Hagerman et al., 2017). This gene encodes for the fragile X mental retardation 1 protein (FMRP), a ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding protein that plays a major role in neurodevelopment by regulating synaptic plasticity, dendrite and axon development, learning and memory (Sidorov et al., 2013). There are four types of alleles in FMR1 with different clinical manifestations: normal alleles, with 6-44 CGG repeats, premutation (PM) alleles, with 55-200 CGG repeats, and full mutation alleles (FM) with more than 200 CGG repeats. Intermediate or grey zone alleles are those harbouring between 45 and 54 CGG repeats and are considered precursors of the PM allele (Monaghan et al., 2013). Patients with FM present with varying degrees of intellectual disability and characteristic features such as elongated face, long ears, flat feet, hyperextensible finger joints and macroorchidism (Hagerman, 1987;Saldarriaga et al., 2014). Carriers of the PM allele may have affected children since the number of CGG repeats is unstable and can undergo significant expansion upon generational transmission.Carriers are also at increased risk of presenting premutation disorders such as Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) (Wheeler et al., 2014), fragile X-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (FXAND) (Hagerman et al., 2018) and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (Hagerman et al., 2001;Mila et al., 2018).The diagnosis of FXS was originally done through karyotype analysis by the identification of the distal region, known as fragile site, of the long arm of the X chromosome in the band under the light microscope. Nowadays, molecular methods that are

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underdiagnosis could be explained by a lack of knowledge or awareness among healthcare professionals about FXS and related pathologies, low clinical suspicion, and regional difficulties in accessing DNA molecular testing. Furthermore, it is also plausible that some families may be hesitant towards seeking medical care due to social stigma and negative stereotypes and views towards intellectual disabilities and developmental delays (Verdugo et al, 2009). According to a report on Social Inequities by the National Health Institute in 2015, not being affiliated to the healthcare system or belonging to the subsidized regimen is associated with greater barriers to healthcare access (Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequities in diagnosis of Fragile X syndrome in Colombia

Saldarriaga

Cabal-Herrera

Fandiño-Losada

et al. 2021

Research Intellect Disabil

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“…Increases in life expectancy have also heightened concerns for people with intellectual disability, who are growing old and who have be designated as 'dually diagnosed' -that is, who have, apart from their intellectual disability, a psychiatric disorder, and who, because of this conjoint condition, are subjected to the prejudicial and potentially abusive vicissitudes of social exclusion due to three factors: old age, cognitive limitation and mental illness (Verdugo, Co´rdoba, Restrepo, Cardona, & Pen˜a 2009). …”

Section: Intellectual Disability and Social Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Silk purses and sows' ears: the social and clinical exclusion of people with intellectual disabilities

Corbett¹

2011

Psychodynamic Practice

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This paper examines society's unconscious refusal to welcome people with intellectual disabilities from the margins of society, with particular focus on a specific manifestation of this enactment of social exclusion by the psychotherapy profession. I form connections between a societal disavowal of the human rights of people with intellectual disabilities and the psychotherapy world's paranoid fears of inviting the socially and cognitively excluded into its consulting rooms. Through an examination of the notion of social exclusion and cognitive deficit being mutually sustaining phenomena, I explore the detaching of people with intellectual disabilities from social relations and institutions, using as my main example the relative failure of contemporary psychotherapy in its various forms to include this patient group in its range of possible beneficiaries. Using various aspects of intersubjective, object relational and organisational perspectives, I consider the improbability of people with mild, moderate and severe intellectual disabilities reaching the apex of our globalised western society, and the various social ruptures that conspire to deny those with cognitive deficits a place at the social, economic, political and psychological table. I compare some literary representations of intellectual disability with more contemporary televisual portrayals, and consider the possibility of social inclusion through a rejection of a social model of disability that creates an artificial boundary between the 'disabled' and the 'non-disabled'.

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