Psychoneuroimmunology Approach to Improve Recovery Motivation, Decrease Cortisol and Blood Glucose of DM Type 2 Patients with Dhikr Therapy

Abstract

Introduction: Blood glucose levels are controlled when the management of diabetes success. Positive perception of the strength of the spiritual aspect will improve the motivation of patients with type 2 diabetes to control it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dhikr based on psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) on blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study used quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test control group design. Samples were taken from the population of patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya with purposive sampling techniques. Data taken include the general characteristics of respondents, cures motivation, cortisol levels and fasting blood glucose levels. Collecting data using questionnaires and laboratory test, then analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test, with α value <0.05. Results: Statistical test showed that the motivation to recover increased (p = 0.001), cortisol levels fall (p = 0.058) and a drop in blood glucose levels (p = 0.028) after administration of dhikr therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. There was a significant difference in increased of recovery motivation between patient conduct zikr therapy and patient cared (p = 0,000). Conclusion: Dhikr therapy increases the motivation of patients with type 2 diabetes by strengthening awareness and spirituality belief in Allah make positive stress perception. Positive stress perception will affect the stress response and improved regulation of blood glucose through the HPA axis to suppress the secretion of CRH, ACTH, and cortisol.

Effect of Dhikr on Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women with Hypertension

“…Dhikr can cause a response of relaxation and tranquility, purifying the heart from negative attitudes and emotions, freeing itself from worldly stress that can affect stimuli in the autonomic nervous system which affects the physiological response of the body resulting in a decrease in blood pressure, pulse and breathing (Mirzaei et al, 2015;Nasiri et al, 2017;Pahlevi et al, 2017).…”

“…Previous study examine the effect of dhikr 3 times/ week for 3 weeks with a 25minute duration on blood pressure (Mirzaei et al, 2015;Nasiri et al, 2017;Pahlevi et al, 2017). The purpose of this study was to examine effect of dhikr on blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension.…”

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“…Medically, Lopke in Saniotis (2018) reveals that dhikr can be used to prevent chronic diseases and lighten the symptoms of chronic diseases. According to Saniotis (2018), dhikr can reduce psycho-physical stress, control mind and control emotional pressure (Idris, Wahab & Yusoff, 2017), reduce stress and symptoms of depression (Wahyuni et al, 2018), lower blood sugar (Supriyadi et al, 2018), improve motivation (Pahlevi, Putra & Sriyono, 2017), reduce fatigue and anxiety (Soliman & Mohamed, 2013). By regularly practicing jahr dhikr and khofi dhikr which are given talqin by mursyid, it shows one's commitment to always calls and remembers Allah, cultivates an awareness that there is no deity but Allah.…”

Association between Intelligence Level and Handicap Degree in Epilepsy Patients

“…Although academic problems are the result of multifactorial, there is still a need for a more specific educational approach in order to improve the performance of these adolescents, in addition to helping them eliminate the stigma associated with epileptic seizures in society 13 . Therefore, statistical analysis is true if the research hypothesis states that there is a correlation between intelligence level (SPM score) and handicap degree (SHE score) in epilepsy patients 14 . The correlation can also occur due to effects of polytherapy, more seizure frequency towards handicap and worsening intelligence.…”