Psychometric properties of the OHIP-14 and prevalence and severity of oral health impacts in a rural riverine population in Amazonas State, Brazil

Abstract

The objectives of this study were: (1) test the psychometric properties of OHIP-14 in a rural population; and (2) compare the oral health impacts in two riverine communities in the Brazilian Amazon that were living at different distances from an urban center. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study in a consecutive sample (n = 126). The validity was assessed through the association of OHIP with clinical and subjective variables, which showed a more significant association with: pain, caries, need of extraction or endodontic treatment; than with tooth loss, periodontal disease or need of prostheses. The stability and internal consistency were good (ICC = 0.97; Cronbach's α = 0.89). The prevalence of oral impacts was greater in the community far from the urban center [70.3 (59.9-80.7)] than in the community closer to it [44.3 (30.7-57.7)], and in women [66.7 (56.0-77.3)] in comparison with men [49.1 (35.3-62.7)]. The OHIP-14 adapted to rural populations in Amazonas State was valid, reproducible, and consistent. There was high prevalence of impacts, especially for riverine communities that lived far from urban centers.

Impact of Tooth Loss on Quality of Life

“…Although female participants had higher QOL score (7.74) compared to males (6.09), the difference of impact on QOL between genders was not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, p = 0.304). Other studies have shown that women perceive their oral health as having greater impact on quality of life than men [16,17].…”

“…In another study, the authors also found that with increasing age there was an increase in tooth loss with consequent increase in QOL scores [18]. Tooth loss is one of the most influential OH indicators that negatively influence QOL and is related to aging [16]. Variables age and tooth loss are correlated, but have an independent effect on the OH-related quality of life [19].…”

Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud Oral: Impacto de Diversas Situaciones Clínicas Odontológicas y Factores Socio-Demográficos. Revisión de la Literatura

“…Según un estudio de realizado en Brasil, las puntuaciones medias del OHIP tenían tendencia a disminuir conforme aumentaba la edad, variando muy poco la puntuación para las variables sociodemográficas y estado de salud oral (Cohen-Carneiro et al, 2010). Mientras que en otro estudio realizado en adultos mayores brasileros se asociaron con un impacto negativo de salud oral el sexo femenino, el nivel socioeconómico bajo, tener tres pares dentarios en oclusión en sector posterior, una o más lesiones de caries sin tratar, haber acudido a la última cita del odontólogo para tratamientos restauradores y no preventivos, una escasa percepción acerca de la importancia de los cuidados dentales y una autovaloración de salud oral mala; siendo este último el más elevado, aumentando en tres veces la probabilidad de riesgo (Ulinski et al, 2013).…”

Impact of oral health on physical and psychosocial dimensions: an analysis using structural equation modeling

“…Several instruments have been used to assess subjective oral health issues 11,12,13 , including the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), developed to assess the social impact of the dysfunctions, discomforts, and handicaps attributed to oral conditions. The scale has been translated and validated in various countries including Germany In Brazil, several studies have assessed the instrument's psychometric properties 14,15,16 , including the work by Oliveira & Nadanovsky 14 .…”