Psychological and Clinical Predictors of COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes

Abstract

Objective The present study aimed to assess the psychological and clinical determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their association with the disease severity and outcomes. Methods This prospective study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar-Pakistan. Admitted patients were screened for COVID-19 with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subsequently, 250 COVID positive patients were included in the final analysis. Data were obtained from the patient's medical chart; demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Psychological determinants, including anxiety and depression, were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The predictors of disease severity and outcomes (recovery vs. mortality) were also studied. Results A total of 250 patients were included in this study; out of which, 193 patients recovered from this deadly virus and 57 died. Based on psychological assessment, 58.4% of the enrolled COVID-19 patients had poor HADS scores. Most of the patients who died (70.2%) had severe symptoms (poor HADS scores). Similarly, 49.6% of the total cases were observed with poor HADS, and 50.9% of those who died had severe depression. Conclusion It is concluded from the study results that psychological distress is frequent in COVID-19 patients. Age, hypertension, fatigue, abnormal respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, ferritin, and poor HADS sore were determined as the significant predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes.

Home Health Care Services Delivered by Nurses to the Relatives with COVID-19

“…In many studies since the emergence of the COVID-19 virus, it has been concluded that individuals experience high levels of negative emotions such as fear, anxiety and anger [19].Participants noticed a wide range of mental break downs among the patients during the care ranging from fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, and stress. Severe anxiety and depression have been found among COVID-19 patients both previously and not previously diagnosed with psychological distress [20,21,22]. Difficulty breathing, prolonged quarantine, insufficient information, and social stigma were some causes of psychological distress [22].The holistic home care provided by the study participants to the COVID-19 patients included health assessment, nursing intervention, evaluation, reassessment, and practicing preventive measures.…”

The Effect of Proportion Pulp and Albedo Yellow Kepok Bananas on the Characteristics of Sliced Jam with Various Concentrations of Sucrose

“…The increase in the consumption of white bread is accompanied by the need for complementary preparations, specifically jam. Jam is a semi-moist food that comes from the process of ripening fruit and sugar followed by or without the addition of acid, pectin, flavoring and coloring [1]. The results of several studies that have been carried out indicate that there are still problems, especially in terms of the shelf life of jams and the practicality of its use which is not optimal.…”